<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss version="2.0"><channel><title>SafeLegalAI — watch: United Kingdom</title><description>Court incidents, official rule revisions and analysis in United Kingdom, as they enter the record. Researched and drafted with AI assistance; verified against primary sources and edited by Cognesio LLP. The linked official documents are the record — our summaries are not the law and are not legal advice.</description><link>https://safelegalai.com</link><language>en-gb</language><copyright>CC BY 4.0 — SafeLegalAI, published by Cognesio LLP</copyright><item><title>Research: AI chat logs, note-takers and privilege: what courts have compelled, protected and excluded, 2024 to 2026</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/analysis/ai-chat-logs-as-evidence-in-court</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/analysis/ai-chat-logs-as-evidence-in-court</guid><description>17 rulings and opinions on AI privilege, discovery and AI-generated evidence, 2024 to 2026, coded by question, plus what five note-taker vendors say they keep.</description><pubDate>Sat, 05 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>article</category><category>uk</category><category>us-federal</category><category>us-state</category><category>eu</category><category>vendor:openai-chatgpt</category><category>vendor:anthropic-claude</category><category>vendor:microsoft-copilot</category></item><item><title>Research: Consumer AI legal services and self-represented litigants: the services, the court record and the regulators</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/analysis/consumer-ai-legal-chatbots-on-the-record</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/analysis/consumer-ai-legal-chatbots-on-the-record</guid><description>12 consumer legal-AI services on one schema, 41 self-represented rows in the incident tracker, two docket studies of AI pro se filings, and the regulators.</description><pubDate>Sat, 05 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>article</category><category>uk</category><category>us-federal</category><category>us-state</category><category>international</category><category>vendor:openai-chatgpt</category></item><item><title>Analysis: May judges and court staff use AI in their own work?</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/analysis/may-judges-use-ai-explainer</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/analysis/may-judges-use-ai-explainer</guid><description>The regulation map records 39 country answers on judicial AI use: binding rules, guidance, proposals and one case-law answer.</description><pubDate>Fri, 04 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>article</category><category>uk</category><category>ireland</category><category>us-federal</category><category>canada</category><category>australia</category><category>india</category><category>international</category><category>other</category></item><item><title>Analysis: Must lawyers verify AI output before relying on it?</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/analysis/must-lawyers-verify-ai-output-explainer</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/analysis/must-lawyers-verify-ai-output-explainer</guid><description>Across 130 country records, 50 have a binding, guidance, proposed or case-law answer on verification of AI output.</description><pubDate>Fri, 04 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>article</category><category>uk</category><category>ireland</category><category>us-federal</category><category>us-state</category><category>canada</category><category>australia</category><category>india</category><category>singapore</category><category>international</category><category>other</category></item><item><title>Analysis: Summer 2026 in legal AI regulation: SRA warning notice, mandatory Irish declaration and a deferred EU Act</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/analysis/legal-ai-regulation-summer-2026-what-changed</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/analysis/legal-ai-regulation-summer-2026-what-changed</guid><description>Summer 2026 reviewed: the SRA&apos;s AI warning notice, Ireland&apos;s mandatory AI declaration in civil filings and the EU&apos;s deferred high-risk AI Act duties.</description><pubDate>Thu, 03 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>article</category><category>uk</category><category>ireland</category><category>us-state</category><category>eu</category><category>india</category><category>south-africa</category><category>international</category></item><item><title>Weekly briefing: This week in legal AI safety: tracker reaches 122 incidents; SRA AI warning notice; Ireland&apos;s HC 142 live</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/newsletter/this-week-in-legal-ai-safety-2026-36</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/newsletter/this-week-in-legal-ai-safety-2026-36</guid><description>Issue 1: 50 incidents added, the SRA&apos;s misuse-of-AI warning notice, Ireland&apos;s Practice Direction HC 142, deferred EU high-risk duties, 128 tools on record.</description><pubDate>Thu, 03 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>article</category><category>uk</category><category>ireland</category><category>us-federal</category><category>us-state</category><category>eu</category><category>south-africa</category><category>international</category></item><item><title>Rule · SRA: Misuse of AI: Warning notice</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/regulation/uk/sra-misuse-ai-warning-notice</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/regulation/uk/sra-misuse-ai-warning-notice</guid><description>The SRA&apos;s first warning notice devoted to AI, issued 17 August 2026 after 42 reports of potential misuse in a year. It tells solicitors in England and Wales they remain accountable for AI output, must verify that cited authorities are genuine and relevant, must protect client data entered into AI tools, and must have governance and supervision controls. Primary source: SRA — Original — https://www.sra.org.uk/solicitors/guidance/misuse-ai/</description><pubDate>Mon, 17 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>regulation</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Incident · United Kingdom: Lodhia v Twelve Trees, [2026] EWHC 1889 (KB)</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/tracker/lodhia-v-twelve-trees</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/tracker/lodhia-v-twelve-trees</guid><description>Linden J in the High Court of England and Wales found that a litigant in person had fabricated or doctored documents and rejected his claim that they were AI hallucinations. The court imposed indemnity costs and a three-year civil restraint order, and referred him to the Attorney General and his barrister to the Bar Standards Board. Primary source: Lodhia v Twelve Trees [2026] EWHC 1889 (KB), approved judgment, 24 Jul 2026 (Charlotin database archive PDF) — https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/2888/Lodhia_UK_24_July_2026.pdf</description><pubDate>Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>incident</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Analysis: Ayinde and Al-Haroun: England&apos;s Divisional Court sets the rule on AI-fabricated citations</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/analysis/ayinde-v-haringey-al-haroun-divisional-court</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/analysis/ayinde-v-haringey-al-haroun-divisional-court</guid><description>England&apos;s Divisional Court referred two lawyers to their regulators over AI-fabricated citations and warned its restraint on contempt is not a precedent.</description><pubDate>Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>article</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Analysis: Does the EU AI Act apply to UK law firms?</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/analysis/does-eu-ai-act-apply-uk-law-firms</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/analysis/does-eu-ai-act-apply-uk-law-firms</guid><description>The EU AI Act can reach a UK firm when its AI output is used in the EU. What the extraterritorial scope, the AI-literacy duty, and the deferred deadlines mean.</description><pubDate>Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>article</category><category>uk</category><category>eu</category></item><item><title>Analysis: Harber v HMRC: the first reported UK case of AI-invented case law</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/analysis/harber-v-hmrc</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/analysis/harber-v-hmrc</guid><description>The first reported UK case of AI-invented case law: a litigant cited nine ChatGPT-fabricated decisions to the Tax Tribunal, which found them fake.</description><pubDate>Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>article</category><category>uk</category><category>vendor:openai-chatgpt</category></item><item><title>Analysis: Pinsent Masons self-referred to the SRA after AI invented an insolvency rule</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/analysis/pinsent-masons-sra-self-referral</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/analysis/pinsent-masons-sra-self-referral</guid><description>In Cork v Smith, a junior solicitor&apos;s AI tool fabricated the text of a rule that does not exist. Pinsent Masons self-referred to the SRA.</description><pubDate>Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>article</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Analysis: UK judicial AI guidance: the version history, December 2023 to October 2025</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/resources/guidance/uk-judicial-ai-guidance-version-history</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/resources/guidance/uk-judicial-ai-guidance-version-history</guid><description>How the Courts and Tribunals Judiciary&apos;s AI guidance for judges in England and Wales changed across three versions: Dec 2023, April 2025, and 31 October 2025.</description><pubDate>Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>article</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Analysis: UK legal-profession AI guidance: version histories for solicitors and barristers</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/resources/guidance/uk-legal-profession-ai-guidance-history</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/resources/guidance/uk-legal-profession-ai-guidance-history</guid><description>The version record of the SRA, Bar Council, and Law Society guidance on generative AI — what each says now, and when it changed.</description><pubDate>Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>article</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Incident · United Kingdom: Tobosaru v Court of Law Craiova, Romania, [2026] EWHC 1720 (Admin)</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/tracker/tobosaru-v-romania</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/tracker/tobosaru-v-romania</guid><description>In the High Court (Administrative Court), the Crown Prosecution Service filed extradition submissions citing two non-existent authorities, Vlad v Romania and Jeziorski v Poland, that the CPS later accepted likely originated from AI. The error was caught before the hearing; the appeal was dismissed on its merits and the CPS reviewed 78 other cases. Primary source: Tobosaru v Court of Law Craiova, Romania [2026] EWHC 1720 (Admin), The National Archives Find Case Law — https://caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ewhc/admin/2026/1720</description><pubDate>Wed, 08 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>incident</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Rule · CJC: The Use of AI for the Preparation of Court Documents: Update on Consultation Findings</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/regulation/uk/uk-cjc-ai-court-documents-interim-findings</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/regulation/uk/uk-cjc-ai-court-documents-interim-findings</guid><description>Interim report from the Civil Justice Council for England and Wales, published 30 June 2026, summarising responses to its AI and court documents consultation. It records a strong consensus that no AI-specific formal requirements are needed for professional drafting, considers proportionate transparency for expert evidence, and flags concerns about AI-shaped witness statements and litigants in person. Primary source: CJC — Interim update — https://www.judiciary.uk/related-offices-and-bodies/advisory-bodies/cjc/latest-news/</description><pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>regulation</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Rule revised · Law Society: Generative AI: the essentials — June 2026 update</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/regulation/uk/law-society-generative-ai-essentials</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/regulation/uk/law-society-generative-ai-essentials</guid><description>Refreshed guidance on choosing tools, human oversight and client confidentiality; remains the Law Society&apos;s current statement on generative AI for solicitors. The Law Society of England and Wales&apos; practical guide to generative AI for solicitors and firms, updated in June 2026. It is permissive with cautions: solicitors may use generative AI but must keep a human in the loop, verify output, protect client confidentiality, understand the tool&apos;s limits and ensure staff are competent and supervised. Primary source: Law Society — June 2026 update — https://www.lawsociety.org.uk/topics/ai-and-lawtech/generative-ai-the-essentials</description><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>regulation</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Incident · United Kingdom: Cork &amp; Anor v Smith, [2026] EWHC 1199 (Ch)</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/tracker/cork-v-smith</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/tracker/cork-v-smith</guid><description>In the High Court (Insolvency and Companies List), Pinsent Masons LLP quoted a fabricated version of Insolvency Rule 12.37(5) — text that does not exist — after a junior solicitor used an AI system that hallucinated the provision. The firm self-referred to the Solicitors Regulation Authority and agreed to pay the clients&apos; costs of the erroneous correspondence. Primary source: Cork &amp; Anor v Smith [2026] EWHC 1199 (Ch), The National Archives Find Case Law — https://caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ewhc/ch/2026/1199</description><pubDate>Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>incident</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Rule · BSB: Guidance on the use of Artificial Intelligence and Other Technologies</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/regulation/uk/uk-bsb-ai-guidance</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/regulation/uk/uk-bsb-ai-guidance</guid><description>Regulatory guidance from the Bar Standards Board, valid from 18 May 2026, on how the Core Duties apply when barristers in England and Wales use AI. It requires verification of output before use, transparency with clients under rC19 where AI materially affects the service, and treats free public tools as generally unsuitable for legal work. Primary source: BSB — May 2026 — https://www.barstandardsboard.org.uk/static/5e1baa5c-614c-4105-afae9a9ccdf8d97b/c0d1ed62-fcad-4a68-8ab810de5fa9b116/Artificial-Intelligence-Guidance-May-2026.pdf</description><pubDate>Mon, 18 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>regulation</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Incident · United Kingdom: Rafique v Commissioners for HMRC, [2026] UKFTT 673 (TC)</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/tracker/rafique-v-hmrc</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/tracker/rafique-v-hmrc</guid><description>Before the First-tier Tax Tribunal, self-represented appellant Omar Rafique sent emails citing multiple non-existent authorities that Judge Bailey found were AI-generated and unreviewed. The tribunal refused to reinstate his struck-out appeal and declined to issue a contempt summons, warning him against relying on AI-hallucinated cases in any future proceedings. Primary source: Rafique v HMRC [2026] UKFTT 673 (TC), The National Archives Find Case Law — https://caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukftt/tc/2026/673</description><pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>incident</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Incident · United Kingdom: Tuyunuklu v Akmal, [2026] UKUT 174 (LC)</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/tracker/tuyunuklu-v-akmal</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/tracker/tuyunuklu-v-akmal</guid><description>Before the Upper Tribunal (Lands Chamber), unrepresented appellant Hakan Tuyunuklu relied on Rakusen v Jepson for a proposition the Supreme Court never decided. Judge Elizabeth Cooke dismissed his rent-repayment-order appeal and, noting references to AI in the hearing transcript, said she suspected he had been misled by an AI hallucination. Primary source: Tuyunuklu v Akmal [2026] UKUT 174 (LC), The National Archives Find Case Law — https://caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukut/lc/2026/174</description><pubDate>Tue, 05 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>incident</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Incident · United Kingdom: Green v Imprint Creative Print Solutions Ltd, 1809293/2024</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/tracker/green-v-imprint-creative</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/tracker/green-v-imprint-creative</guid><description>Before the Leeds Employment Tribunal, self-represented claimant Ms F Green emailed submissions citing case law that neither the tribunal nor the respondent&apos;s counsel could identify. She accepted she had used AI to generate them; Employment Judge Armstrong found the authorities did not exist, disregarded them, and dismissed her disability and unfair-dismissal complaints. Primary source: Ms F Green v Imprint Creative Print Solutions Ltd: 1809293/2024, GOV.UK Employment Tribunal Decisions — https://www.gov.uk/employment-tribunal-decisions/ms-f-green-v-imprint-creative-print-solutions-ltd-1809293-slash-2024</description><pubDate>Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>incident</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Rule · CJC: Consultation: The Use of AI for the Preparation of Court Documents</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/regulation/uk/uk-cjc-ai-court-documents-consultation</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/regulation/uk/uk-cjc-ai-court-documents-consultation</guid><description>The Civil Justice Council consulted from 17 February to 14 April 2026 on whether the Civil Procedure Rules for England and Wales should impose AI-specific requirements on court documents, including transparency or disclosure duties for pleadings, skeleton arguments, witness statements and expert reports. Interim findings were published on 30 June 2026; the final report is pending. Primary source: CJC — Consultation paper — https://www.judiciary.uk/related-offices-and-bodies/advisory-bodies/cjc/latest-news/</description><pubDate>Tue, 17 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>regulation</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Rule revised · SRA: Compliance tips for solicitors on the use of AI and technology — Feb 2026 revision</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/regulation/uk/sra-compliance-tips-ai</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/regulation/uk/sra-compliance-tips-ai</guid><description>Expanded generative-AI section: explicit expectation that output is checked before reliance, client-confidentiality warnings for public tools, and supervision points for junior staff. The SRA&apos;s compliance tips set out how the Standards and Regulations apply when solicitors use AI and other technology: competence, supervision, confidentiality and verification of output remain the firm&apos;s responsibility. Revised 9 February 2026 to address generative AI directly, the page is guidance, not a new rule. Primary source: SRA — Feb 2026 revision — https://www.sra.org.uk/solicitors/resources/innovate/compliance-tips-for-solicitors/</description><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>regulation</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Incident · United Kingdom: Professional Standards Authority v Nursing and Midwifery Council &amp; Anor, [2026] EWHC 141 (Admin)</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/tracker/psa-v-nmc-tchampet</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/tracker/psa-v-nmc-tchampet</guid><description>In the High Court (Administrative Court), unregulated representative Simon Holborn cited three authorities partly generated by Microsoft Copilot whose quotations were fabricated. Griffiths J warned him of contempt but, as a struck-off solicitor, he could not be referred to a regulator. The Authority&apos;s appeal succeeded and the nurse&apos;s suspension became a striking-off. Primary source: Professional Standards Authority v NMC [2026] EWHC 141 (Admin), The National Archives Find Case Law — https://caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ewhc/admin/2026/141</description><pubDate>Fri, 30 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>incident</category><category>uk</category><category>vendor:microsoft-copilot</category></item><item><title>Incident · United Kingdom: Folarin v Immigration Services Commissioner, [2026] UKFTT 135 (GRC)</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/tracker/folarin-v-immigration-services-commissioner</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/tracker/folarin-v-immigration-services-commissioner</guid><description>Before the First-tier Tribunal (General Regulatory Chamber), immigration adviser Raphael Folarin, appealing the loss of his registration, cited multiple non-existent authorities obtained by asking ChatGPT for supporting cases and editing summaries he never verified. The tribunal dismissed his appeal, finding the fabricated citations confirmed his unfitness, and noted such conduct may amount to contempt. Primary source: Folarin v Immigration Services Commissioner [2026] UKFTT 135 (GRC), The National Archives Find Case Law — https://caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukftt/grc/2026/135</description><pubDate>Thu, 29 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>incident</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Incident · United Kingdom: Huish v Commissioners for HMRC, [2026] UKFTT 129 (TC)</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/tracker/huish-v-hmrc</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/tracker/huish-v-hmrc</guid><description>Before the First-tier Tax Tribunal, self-represented appellant Robert Huish cited four non-existent authorities he had generated using AI while preparing his hearing materials. The tribunal attached no blame to him given his litigant-in-person status but recorded the fake case names to warn others, and allowed his appeal on its substantive merits. Primary source: Huish v HMRC [2026] UKFTT 129 (TC), The National Archives Find Case Law — https://caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukftt/tc/2026/129</description><pubDate>Fri, 16 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>incident</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Incident · United Kingdom: Elden v Commissioners for HMRC, [2026] UKFTT 41 (TC)</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/tracker/elden-v-hmrc</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/tracker/elden-v-hmrc</guid><description>Before the First-tier Tax Tribunal, Gary Elden&apos;s representatives, chartered accountants regulated by the ICAEW, filed a skeleton argument that used AI and misstated three real authorities. The tribunal refused HMRC&apos;s strike-out application but imposed strict directions requiring full judgment texts, pinpoint citations and statements of truth identifying who verified each cited case. Primary source: Elden v HMRC [2026] UKFTT 41 (TC), The National Archives Find Case Law — https://caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukftt/tc/2026/41</description><pubDate>Thu, 08 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>incident</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Rule revised · Bar Council: Considerations when using ChatGPT and generative AI software based on large language models — November 2025 update</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/regulation/uk/uk-bar-council-generative-ai-guidance</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/regulation/uk/uk-bar-council-generative-ai-guidance</guid><description>Updated after Ayinde v Haringey to strengthen the verification expectation and address hallucinated authorities, confidentiality of instructions and the Core Duties. The Bar Council&apos;s ethics guidance for barristers in England and Wales on generative AI, first issued January 2024 and updated November 2025. Barristers may use these tools but must verify all output, avoid disclosing confidential or privileged material to public systems, and remain responsible for their work under the Core Duties. Primary source: Bar Council — November 2025 update — https://www.barcouncil.org.uk/resource/updated-guidance-on-generative-ai-for-the-bar.html</description><pubDate>Tue, 25 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>regulation</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Incident · United Kingdom: UK v Secretary of State for the Home Department (AI hallucinations; supervision; Hamid), [2026] UKUT 81 (IAC)</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/tracker/uk-v-sshd-2026-ukut-81</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/tracker/uk-v-sshd-2026-ukut-81</guid><description>Before the Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber), two immigration matters featured fabricated authorities traced to AI, including Google&apos;s AI results. Solicitor and COLP Zubair Rasheed was referred to the Solicitors Regulation Authority for failing to supervise the caseworker who drafted fake citations; a separate adviser escaped referral by self-reporting to his regulators. Primary source: UK v SSHD [2026] UKUT 81 (IAC), The National Archives Find Case Law — https://caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukut/iac/2026/81</description><pubDate>Mon, 17 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>incident</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Rule revised · UK Judiciary: Artificial Intelligence (AI): Judicial Guidance — October 2025 (v3)</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/regulation/uk/uk-judiciary-ai-guidance</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/regulation/uk/uk-judiciary-ai-guidance</guid><description>Replaces the April 2025 version; expands guidance on identifying AI-generated material from litigants and lawyers and on judges&apos; personal responsibility for anything produced with AI assistance. Guidance from the senior judiciary of England and Wales for judges, magistrates and tribunal members on using AI. Judges remain personally responsible for their work, must not enter confidential information into public tools, and may ask parties and lawyers about their use of AI. The current version is dated 31 October 2025. Primary source: UK Judiciary — October 2025 (v3) — https://www.judiciary.uk/guidance-and-resources/artificial-intelligence-ai-judicial-guidance-october-2025/</description><pubDate>Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>regulation</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Incident · United Kingdom: MS (Professional conduct, AI generated documents) Bangladesh, [2025] UKUT 305 (IAC)</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/tracker/ms-bangladesh-2025-ukut-305</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/tracker/ms-bangladesh-2025-ukut-305</guid><description>Before the Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber), barrister Muhammad Mujeebur Rahman cited a fabricated Court of Appeal case, Y (China), drafted using ChatGPT without verification. The tribunal, led by its President Mr Justice Dove, referred him to the Bar Standards Board for breaching duties of honesty, integrity and competence. Primary source: MS (Bangladesh) [2025] UKUT 305 (IAC), HMCTS Tribunal Decisions (official UTIAC database) — https://tribunalsdecisions.service.gov.uk/utiac/2025-ukut-00305</description><pubDate>Tue, 12 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>incident</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Incident · United Kingdom: The Father v The Mother &amp; Ors, [2025] EWHC 2135 (Fam)</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/tracker/father-v-mother-2025-ewhc-2135-fam</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/tracker/father-v-mother-2025-ewhc-2135-fam</guid><description>In the High Court (Family Division), a self-represented father seeking a judge&apos;s recusal submitted authorities that HHJ Bailey found were not genuine and appeared generated by AI. The case was referred to Mrs Justice Lieven as Family Presiding Judge, who dismissed the application, citing the Divisional Court&apos;s Ayinde ruling on fabricated citations. Primary source: The Father v The Mother &amp; Ors [2025] EWHC 2135 (Fam), The National Archives Find Case Law — https://caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ewhc/fam/2025/2135</description><pubDate>Wed, 30 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>incident</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Incident · United Kingdom: HMRC v Gunnarsson, [2025] UKUT 247 (TCC)</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/tracker/hmrc-v-gunnarsson</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/tracker/hmrc-v-gunnarsson</guid><description>Before the Upper Tribunal (Tax and Chancery Chamber), unrepresented respondent Marc Gunnarsson cited three non-existent First-tier Tribunal decisions produced by online AI software. The Upper Tribunal set aside the FTT decision, dismissed his appeal and confirmed recovery of £12,918 in wrongly claimed grants, warning that AI chatbots frequently mislead litigants in person. Primary source: HMRC v Gunnarsson [2025] UKUT 247 (TCC), The National Archives Find Case Law — https://caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukut/tcc/2025/247</description><pubDate>Wed, 23 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>incident</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Incident · United Kingdom: Ayinde v London Borough of Haringey; Al-Haroun v Qatar National Bank</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/tracker/ayinde-v-haringey</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/tracker/ayinde-v-haringey</guid><description>The landmark England and Wales ruling on AI-fabricated citations: in joined cases, the Divisional Court invoked the Hamid jurisdiction over submissions containing non-existent authorities, referred a barrister to the BSB and solicitors to the SRA, and warned that the court&apos;s restraint on contempt should not be read as precedent. Primary source: Divisional Court judgment (judiciary.uk PDF, 6 June 2025) — https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Ayinde-v-London-Borough-of-Haringey-and-Al-Haroun-v-Qatar-National-Bank.pdf</description><pubDate>Fri, 06 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>incident</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Incident · United Kingdom: Bandla v Solicitors Regulation Authority, [2025] EWHC 1167 (Admin)</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/tracker/bandla-v-sra</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/tracker/bandla-v-sra</guid><description>Before the High Court (Administrative Court), struck-off solicitor Venkateshwarlu Bandla cited around 27 non-existent authorities in his appeal against removal from the roll. Fordham J struck out his grounds as an abuse of process and ordered £24,727.20 in indemnity costs. Bandla denied using AI, attributing the fake citations to unverified Google searches. Primary source: Bandla v SRA [2025] EWHC 1167 (Admin), The National Archives Find Case Law — https://caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ewhc/admin/2025/1167</description><pubDate>Tue, 13 May 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>incident</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Rule revised · UK Judiciary: Artificial Intelligence (AI): Judicial Guidance — April 2025 (v2)</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/regulation/uk/uk-judiciary-ai-guidance</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/regulation/uk/uk-judiciary-ai-guidance</guid><description>Extended to all judicial office holders, added a glossary, and addressed hallucinated case law and deepfake evidence. Guidance from the senior judiciary of England and Wales for judges, magistrates and tribunal members on using AI. Judges remain personally responsible for their work, must not enter confidential information into public tools, and may ask parties and lawyers about their use of AI. The current version is dated 31 October 2025. Primary source: UK Judiciary — April 2025 (v2) — https://www.judiciary.uk/guidance-and-resources/artificial-intelligence-ai-judicial-guidance/</description><pubDate>Mon, 14 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>regulation</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Rule · Bar Council: Considerations when using ChatGPT and generative AI software based on large language models — Original</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/regulation/uk/uk-bar-council-generative-ai-guidance</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/regulation/uk/uk-bar-council-generative-ai-guidance</guid><description>The Bar Council&apos;s ethics guidance for barristers in England and Wales on generative AI, first issued January 2024 and updated November 2025. Barristers may use these tools but must verify all output, avoid disclosing confidential or privileged material to public systems, and remain responsible for their work under the Core Duties. Primary source: Bar Council — Original — https://www.barcouncilethics.co.uk/documents/considerations-when-using-chatgpt-and-generative-ai-software-based-on-large-language-models/</description><pubDate>Tue, 30 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>regulation</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Rule · UK Judiciary: Artificial Intelligence (AI): Judicial Guidance — December 2023 (v1)</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/regulation/uk/uk-judiciary-ai-guidance</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/regulation/uk/uk-judiciary-ai-guidance</guid><description>Guidance from the senior judiciary of England and Wales for judges, magistrates and tribunal members on using AI. Judges remain personally responsible for their work, must not enter confidential information into public tools, and may ask parties and lawyers about their use of AI. The current version is dated 31 October 2025. Primary source: UK Judiciary — December 2023 (v1) — https://www.judiciary.uk/guidance-and-resources/artificial-intelligence-ai-judicial-guidance/</description><pubDate>Tue, 12 Dec 2023 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>regulation</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Incident · United Kingdom: Harber v Commissioners for HMRC, [2023] UKFTT 1007 (TC)</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/tracker/harber-v-hmrc</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/tracker/harber-v-hmrc</guid><description>The first reported United Kingdom case of AI-fabricated authorities: before the First-tier Tax Tribunal, litigant in person Felicity Harber cited nine non-existent decisions generated by ChatGPT to argue a reasonable excuse for a capital-gains penalty. The tribunal found the cases fake, dismissed her appeal, and warned of the harm fabricated authorities cause. Primary source: Harber v HMRC [2023] UKFTT 1007 (TC), The National Archives Find Case Law — https://caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukftt/tc/2023/1007</description><pubDate>Mon, 04 Dec 2023 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>incident</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Rule · Law Society: Generative AI: the essentials — Original</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/regulation/uk/law-society-generative-ai-essentials</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/regulation/uk/law-society-generative-ai-essentials</guid><description>The Law Society of England and Wales&apos; practical guide to generative AI for solicitors and firms, updated in June 2026. It is permissive with cautions: solicitors may use generative AI but must keep a human in the loop, verify output, protect client confidentiality, understand the tool&apos;s limits and ensure staff are competent and supervised. Primary source: Law Society — Original — https://www.lawsociety.org.uk/topics/ai-and-lawtech/generative-ai-the-essentials</description><pubDate>Wed, 01 Nov 2023 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>regulation</category><category>uk</category></item><item><title>Rule · SRA: Compliance tips for solicitors on the use of AI and technology — Original</title><link>https://safelegalai.com/regulation/uk/sra-compliance-tips-ai</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://safelegalai.com/regulation/uk/sra-compliance-tips-ai</guid><description>The SRA&apos;s compliance tips set out how the Standards and Regulations apply when solicitors use AI and other technology: competence, supervision, confidentiality and verification of output remain the firm&apos;s responsibility. Revised 9 February 2026 to address generative AI directly, the page is guidance, not a new rule. Primary source: SRA — Original — https://www.sra.org.uk/solicitors/resources/innovate/compliance-tips-for-solicitors/</description><pubDate>Tue, 15 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><category>regulation</category><category>uk</category></item></channel></rss>