Courts on AI / Fabricated or misquoted citations
Michael A. DeVita v. Midtown Motors, et al.
U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Alabama · Federal district courts · AL · · No. 1:25-cv-435-RAH-KFP · memorandum opinion
On 2026-03-25, U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Alabama dismissed the complaint without prejudice and warned that hallucinated citations and shotgun pleading defects did not state a claim. A self-represented party submitted a complaint with fabricated or nonexistent authorities, including Lipham v. General Motors LLC and Zinnerman v. Williams.
- Disposition
- The court dismissed the complaint without prejudice and warned that hallucinated citations and shotgun pleading defects did not state a claim.
- Recorded conduct
- The complaint used fabricated or nonexistent authorities, including Lipham v. General Motors LLC and Zinnerman v. Williams, which the court found nonexistent, misquoted, or unsupported. — outcome: dismissal; actor: litigant in person
- Canonical record
- Incident tracker entry — verified outcome, regulator disposition and related rules
What the court wrote
Verbatim from the court's document (public domain). Ellipses mark omitted text; nothing is paraphrased.
Complaint such as “Lipham v. General Motors LLC, 665 F.3d 1314 (11th Cir. 2011),” “Zinnerman v. Williams, 749 So. 2d 453 (Ala. Civ. App. 1999),” and “FTC v. Sage Auto Group, No. 16-cv-07329 (C.D. Cal. 2016)” that do not appear to exist and therefore appear to be hallucinated. The hallucinated case citations and overall nature and format of the pleading strongly suggest that DeVita is using some form of generative artificial intelligence to draft his complaints. That generative AI may be used or consulted does not mean that an AI-generated complaint is legally sufficient or that DeVita is excused from ensuring the accuracy of his case citations and legal authorities. Whether true or not, the point remains that DeVita has not filed a legally sufficient complaint and has announced his position that he will not file another one. As such, an order from this Court to file another complaint is not warranted. Accordingly, upon an independent and de novo review of the record, it is ORDERED as follows: 1. Plaintiff’s Objections (doc. 30) are OVERRULED; 2. The Recommendation (doc. 28) of the Magistrate Judge is ADOPTED; 3. Plaintiff’s Motion to Recuse (doc. 31) is DENIED as moot; and 4. This case is DISMISSED without prejudice. DONE and ORDERED on this the 25th day of March 2026. R. AUSTIN HUFFAKER, JR. CHIEF UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE