Incident Tracker
Global legal AI incidents, tracked as data
A court-and-regulator record of AI misuse in legal work: fabricated authorities, defective evidence, undisclosed tools and what happened next. Every row links to sources; unknown facts stay unknown.
- verified incidents on the record
- jurisdictions
- regulatory outcomes
- sanctions/fines total
- added or checked in 30 days
as of 2026-09-16 · decisions from 2023-06-22 to 2026-09-16methodologyincidents.json (CC BY 4.0) Hugging Face GitHubwhat courts said about AI beyond sanctions →476 provisional records awaiting the editor
Hugging Face
| Case | Jurisdiction | Who | AI tool | Consequence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lisandrillo v. Palozzi, No. 4D2026-2262 (Fla. 4th DCA)District Court of Appeal of Florida, Fourth District | US-STATE | Lawyer | — | Pending | — | |
| Neill-Fraser v Tasmania Parole Board (Supreme Court of Tasmania, reported 15 Sep 2026)unverifiedSupreme Court of Tasmania | AU | Other | AI (unspecified) | Other | — | |
| Asiedu v. Eastlund, Nos. A25-2106, A26-0532 (Minn. Ct. App.)Minnesota Court of Appeals | US-STATE | Litigant in person | — | Sanctions | US$2,341.25 | |
| Carter v. City of Buffalo, No. 25-CV-740 (W.D.N.Y.)US District Court, Western District of New York | US-FED | Litigant in person | — | Warning | — | |
| G.P. v. Jose Hernandez Arevalo, No. C26-284-KKE (W.D. Wash.)US District Court, Western District of Washington | US-FED | Lawyer | — | Warning | — | |
| State ex rel. Schnell v. Richardson, No. ED114731 (Mo. Ct. App.)Missouri Court of Appeals, Eastern District | US-STATE | Lawyer | — | Sanctions | US$1,750 | |
| Douglas v. Deutsche Bank National Trust Co., No. 24-CV-1099 (D.C. Ct. App.)District of Columbia Court of Appeals | US-STATE | Lawyer | Google generative AI search tool | Regulatory referral | The Court of Appeals struck appellee's brief and referred the matter to the Office of Disciplinary Counsel for… | |
| Falkenstein v. Niles, No. 2:26-cv-07078-SB-PD (C.D. Cal.)US District Court, Central District of California | US-FED | Lawyer | — | Pending | — | |
| Vijay Ghanshyam Gadiya v. Union of India, 2026 INSC 947Supreme Court of India | IN | Other | — | Other | — | |
| State v. Presti, No. CAAP-24-0000826 (Haw. Ct. App.)Hawaii Intermediate Court of Appeals | US-STATE | Litigant in person | — | Warning | — | |
| Booker v. The Kroger Co., No. 1:26-cv-02006-SDG (N.D. Ga.)US District Court for the Northern District of Georgia, Atlanta Division | US-FED | Lawyer | — | Fine | US$8,000 | |
| Noble v. WMC Mortgage Corp., 2026 IL App (1st) 251168-UAppellate Court of Illinois, First District | US-STATE | Litigant in person | — | Warning | — | |
| Adams v. Matrix Providers, No. 1:23-cv-01996 (D. Colo.)US District Court for the District of Colorado | US-FED | Lawyer | — | Fine | US$1,000 | |
| Ashmeade v. Amazon.com Services LLC, No. 7:23-cv-04331-KMK-VR (S.D.N.Y.)US District Court, Southern District of New York | US-FED | Litigant in person | — | Warning | — | |
| James v. Conley, No. 1:23-cv-24467 (S.D. Fla.)US District Court for the Southern District of Florida (Magistrate Judge Elfenbein, report and recommendation) | US-FED | Lawyer | — | Pending | — | |
| Kiser v. DeSimone Auto Group, No. 2428 EDA 2025 (Pa. Super. Ct.)Superior Court of Pennsylvania | US-STATE | Lawyer | — | Warning | — | |
| Salloum v. Department of Transportation, No. 25CA1748 (Colo. App.)Colorado Court of Appeals | US-STATE | Litigant in person | — | Warning | — | |
| Varma v. The Bank of New York Mellon, No. E085566 (Cal. Ct. App.)California Court of Appeal, Fourth Appellate District, Division Two | US-STATE | Litigant in person | — | Sanctions | The court directed the clerk to send a copy of the opinion to the State Bar for investigation of possible unaut… | |
| Williams v. Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport Board, No. 4:26-cv-00433-P (N.D. Tex.)US District Court, Northern District of Texas | US-FED | Lawyer | — | Warning | — | |
| Johnson v. Nationstar Mortgage LLC, No. 1:25-cv-00855-JRR (D. Md.)US District Court, District of Maryland | US-FED | Litigant in person | generative AI (suspected by court) | Warning | — | |
| MFRD and National Disability Insurance Agency (NDIS), [2026] ARTA 1833Administrative Review Tribunal of Australia | AU | Litigant in person | — | Warning | — | |
| Potterf v. Wessels, No. 1:26-cv-10860-MFL-PTM (E.D. Mich.)US District Court, Eastern District of Michigan | US-FED | Litigant in person | artificial intelligence (admitted by litigants) | Warning | — | |
| Shelbert v. Baxter International, Inc., No. 1:26-cv-06266 (N.D. Ill.)US District Court, Northern District of Illinois | US-FED | Lawyer | — | Warning | — | |
| Turgeon v. FHLMC, No. 1:25-cv-00510-SM-TSM (D.N.H.)US District Court, District of New Hampshire | US-FED | Litigant in person | — | Other | — | |
| SRA v Abhishek Kumar, Case No. 12884-2026 (SDT)Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal | UK | Lawyer | — | Strike-off / disbarment | The Tribunal found breaches of SRA Principles 1, 2 and 5 and Code paragraph 1.4, and found Code paragraph 2.4 p… | |
| Benjamin v. State, No. 2189 Sept. Term 2024 (Md. App. Ct.)Appellate Court of Maryland | US-STATE | Lawyer | — | Warning | — | |
| LPC Commercial Services, LLC v. Ar-Razzaaq Properties, LLC, Record No. 1407-25-4 (Va. Ct. App.)Court of Appeals of Virginia | US-STATE | Lawyer | — | Sanctions | — | |
| Ruiz v. Magellan Financial & Insurance Services, No. CV-23-02090-PHX-DWL (D. Ariz.)US District Court for the District of Arizona | US-FED | Lawyer | ChatGPT (admitted by counsel) | Sanctions | — | |
| Adibi v. AIG Israel Insurance Co., Class Action 6989-05-25 (Tel Aviv District Court)Tel Aviv District Court | IL | Lawyer | — | Warning | — | |
| Capital Standard, LLC v. U.S. Bank National Association, No. 2D2024-1392 (Fla. 2d DCA)Florida Second District Court of Appeal | US-STATE | Lawyer | generative AI (unspecified) | Fine | US$1,500 · Court referred counsel to The Florida Bar. No disposition on record. | |
| In re Faisal S. Ahmed (Minnesota attorney discipline)unverifiedSupreme Court of Minnesota (stipulated attorney discipline) | US-STATE | Lawyer | — | Suspension | 30-day suspension by stipulation, reported 21 August 2026; the Supreme Court order has not been located. | |
| In re Stephen Aarons (Supreme Court of New Mexico, murder appeal; case number not located)unverifiedSupreme Court of New Mexico | US-STATE | Lawyer | ChatGPT (per counsel's account) | Sanctions | US$5,000 · Court referred counsel to the Disciplinary Board (per Santa Fe New Mexican report). No disposition on record. | |
| Disruptive Resources, LLC v. Ballistic Barrier Products Inc., No. 1:24-cv-00321-JCG (D. Del.)US District Court for the District of Delaware (Judge Jennifer Choe-Groves, sitting by designation) | US-FED | Lawyer | Strongsuit | Warning | — | |
| Faiz Enterprise v. State Tax Officer, Unit-67, Surat, R/SCA No. 10123 of 2026 (Gujarat High Court)High Court of Gujarat | IN | Other | — | Other | — | |
| Full Standard Properties v. SJ 6070, No. 5:25-cv-09451 (N.D. Cal.)US District Court for the Northern District of California | US-FED | Lawyer | — | Costs order | US$14,500 | |
| Yunes v. M.A. Asli Marketing, Case 7669-06-24 (Haifa Regional Labor Court)Haifa Regional Labor Court | IL | Lawyer | — | Sanctions | ₪6,000 | |
| Guerra-Quezada v. United States (with Guerra-Vasquez v. United States), Nos. 25-10372 and 25-10555 (5th Cir.)US Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit | US-FED | Lawyer | — | Warning | — | |
| Apelacao Civel 1032884-04.2025.8.26.0224 (TJSP, 36a Camara de Direito Privado)Tribunal de Justica de Sao Paulo, 36a Camara de Direito Privado | BR | Lawyer | — | Fine | Court sent an oficio with the ruling to the Sao Paulo section and the Federal Council of the Brazilian Bar, inv… | |
| Arbuckle v. Tanner, 2026 NSCA 62Nova Scotia Court of Appeal (chambers) | CA | Litigant in person | — | Costs order | CA$20,000 | |
| Chapman v. City of Priceville, No. 5:26-cv-84-HDM (N.D. Ala.)US District Court for the Northern District of Alabama | US-FED | Lawyer | — | Sanctions | — | |
| JMOR Properties, LLC v. Artist Alley Townhomes, LLC, No. 4D2026-1787 (Fla. 4th DCA)Florida Fourth District Court of Appeal | US-STATE | Lawyer | — | Regulatory referral | Court referred counsel to The Florida Bar under Fla. R. Gen. Prac. & Jud. Admin. 2.515(d)(2) and Bar Rule 3-7.1… | |
| A.P. v. S.K. (Droit de la famille, 261234), 2026 QCCA 1092Quebec Court of Appeal | CA | Litigant in person | ChatGPT (conceded by the appellant) | Sanctions | CA$1,000 | |
| Elliott v. New York Bariatric Group, LLC, No. AAN-CV-25-6066141-S (Conn. Super. Ct.)unverifiedConnecticut Superior Court, Judicial District of Ansonia-Milford | US-STATE | Litigant in person | — | Other | — | |
| In re BFI Waste Systems of Tennessee (City of Murfreesboro v. BFI), No. 3:22-cv-00605 (M.D. Tenn.)US District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee, Nashville Division | US-FED | Lawyer | — | Sanctions | US$1,500 | |
| Booker v. U.S. Bank National Association (In re Booker), No. 3:25-cv-01205-VDO (D. Conn.)US District Court for the District of Connecticut | US-FED | Litigant in person | — | Warning | — | |
| Barteca Holdings LLC v. Tacobarn Newtown LLC, No. 3:26-cv-00250 (D. Conn.)US District Court for the District of Connecticut | US-FED | Lawyer | Open Law, then Claude and ChatGPT (per counsel) | Sanctions | US$3,500 · Court referred counsel to the state disciplinary authority in its Order Imposing Sanctions (ECF 43). No disposi… | |
| De Ford v. Koutoulas, No. 6:22-cv-652-PGB-DCI (M.D. Fla.)US District Court for the Middle District of Florida, Orlando Division | US-FED | Litigant in person | ChatGPT (per the defendant's public statements) | Sanctions | — | |
| Kleyman Law Group, P.C. v. Kaloidis, Index No. 502644/2025 (N.Y. Sup. Ct., Kings County)Supreme Court of the State of New York, Kings County | US-STATE | Lawyer | Claude and other generative AI platforms (per hearing testimony) | Sanctions | US$46,511 · The order refers Alex I. Kleyman to the State of New York Grievance Committee for the Second, Eleventh and Thir… | |
| Southland Homes & Real Estate and Investment, LLC v. Lam, No. 30-2026-01569207 (Cal. Super. Ct. App. Div., Orange County)Superior Court of California, County of Orange, Appellate Division | US-STATE | Lawyer | ChatGPT and Google Gemini | Sanctions | US$4,000 · The appellate division directed the clerk to serve the sanctions order on the State Bar after remittitur and or… | |
| Forney v. Township of Cary, North Carolina, No. 5:25-CV-00738-M (E.D.N.C.)US District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina | US-FED | Lawyer | — | Costs order | Chief Judge Myers referred counsel to the North Carolina State Bar. No disposition on record. | |
| Processo 0001601-72.2025.5.20.0005 (TRT-20, 1a Turma, Sergipe)unverifiedTribunal Regional do Trabalho da 20a Regiao (Sergipe), 1a Turma | BR | Lawyer | — | Fine | Full record forwarded to the OAB for an ethics investigation (per regional press report). No disposition on rec… | |
| FJL v TGO, Case No. 2025/220239 (Gauteng Division, Johannesburg, full court)High Court of South Africa, Gauteng Division, Johannesburg (full court) | ZA | Judge | — | Regulatory referral | Opperman J, in a separate concurrence, referred the acting judge to the Legal Practice Council, reasoning that… | |
| Mendel S. v. Faigy S., 2026 NY Slip Op 26118 (Fam. Ct., Kings County)Family Court of the State of New York, Kings County | US-STATE | Lawyer | — | Sanctions | US$1,000 | |
| TOV Realty, LLC v. Suarez; Kosel Equity, LLC v. MacGregor, No. SC21183 (Conn.)Connecticut Supreme Court | US-STATE | Lawyer | ChatGPT (used to edit briefs after Lexis research) | Sanctions | US$2,000 · The court ordered a courtesy copy of its sanctions order sent to the Committee and the order posted on the Judi… | |
| Scott v. Illinois Human Rights Commission, 2026 IL App (1st) 251462Appellate Court of Illinois, First District | US-STATE | Lawyer | ChatGPT (per counsel's response to the court) | Fine | US$15,000 · At paragraph 82 the court directed the clerk of the Appellate Court, First District, to send a copy of the opin… | |
| In re Brian E. Mitchell, USPTO Proceeding No. D2026-16US Patent and Trademark Office, Office of Enrollment and Discipline | US-FED | Lawyer | — | Other | Public reprimand by settlement for violations of 37 CFR 11.101, 11.103, 11.804(c) and 11.804(d); settlement exe… | |
| Lichfield v. Kubler; Netflix, Inc., No. 25-4135 (10th Cir.)US Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit | US-FED | Lawyer | — | Warning | — | |
| Raad van Discipline 's-Hertogenbosch, ECLI:NL:TADRSHE:2026:93 (Case 26-379/DB/LI/D)Raad van Discipline 's-Hertogenbosch (Netherlands bar disciplinary council) | EU | Lawyer | — | Other | €1,250 · Formal reprimand (berisping) on a complaint by the local Dean for breaches of the core values of expertise and… | |
| LeDoux v. Outliers, Inc., No. 3:24-cv-05808-TMC (W.D. Wash.)US District Court for the Western District of Washington, Tacoma | US-FED | Lawyer | ChatGPT and Claude (per counsel's sworn declaration) | Sanctions | US$3,000 | |
| Lodhia v Twelve Trees, [2026] EWHC 1889 (KB)High Court of England and Wales, King's Bench Division (Media and Communications List) | UK | Litigant in person | — | Costs order | Linden J referred direct-access counsel Mr Chiffers of JSC Chambers to the BSB. The litigant himself was referr… | |
| Asif v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2026] FedCFamC2G 1402Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Division 2) | AU | Litigant in person | ChatGPT (admitted by the applicant) | Costs order | A$9,097.93 | |
| Gouldy v. Chiasson, No. 4D2025-1289 (Fla. 4th DCA)Florida Fourth District Court of Appeal | US-STATE | Litigant in person | — | Pending | — | |
| Apelacao Civel 0035599-44.2017.8.16.0014 (TJPR)Tribunal de Justica do Parana (monocratic decision) | BR | Lawyer | — | Dismissal | Oficio sent to the Parana section of the Brazilian Bar for possible professional measures. No disposition on re… | |
| Shahin v Industrial Relations Secretary on behalf of Multicultural NSW (No 2) [2026] NSWIRComm 11Industrial Relations Commission of New South Wales (Full Bench) | AU | Litigant in person | — | Other | — | |
| Yichang District Court (Hubei), 'non-drug passed off as drug' criminal case (AI-fabricated defence materials)unverifiedDistrict court, Yichang City, Hubei Province | OTHER | Lawyer | — | Warning | — | |
| Employees Provident Fund Organisation v. Principal Commissioner of Income Tax, W.P.(C) 6049/2026 (Delhi High Court)High Court of Delhi | IN | Other | — | Other | — | |
| Law Society of Ontario v. Lee, 2026 ONLSTH 136Law Society Tribunal (Ontario), Hearing Division | CA | Lawyer | — | Suspension | CA$10,000 · Six-month licence suspension and CAD 10,000 costs for filing a factum containing AI-generated nonexistent or ir… | |
| Dineen/Shibata v. Kotchka, No. 1 CA-CV 25-0606 PB (Ariz. Ct. App.)Arizona Court of Appeals, Division One | US-STATE | Not recorded | — | Sanctions | — | |
| In re Rosslyn2016, LLC, No. 25-34507 (Bankr. S.D. Tex.)US Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division | US-FED | Lawyer | Westlaw AI tools (per counsel, who denied using ChatGPT) | Sanctions | US$29,877 | |
| Molawa and Others v Matjhabeng Local Municipality and Another, Case No. 2026-157576 (Labour Court, Durban)Labour Court of South Africa, Durban | ZA | Other | — | Other | — | |
| Akerlund v. Atlas Air, Inc. (Estate of Caviness v. Atlas Air), No. 24-11033 (11th Cir.)US Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | US-FED | Lawyer | — | Regulatory referral | The Chief Judge referred counsel to the Committee under Addendum Eight, Rule 2(C) of the court's rules. No disp… | |
| Cartagena v. Dixon; Dixon v. Cartagena, Nos. 1:25-cv-03552 and 1:25-cv-05144 (S.D.N.Y.)unverifiedUS District Court for the Southern District of New York (Magistrate Judge Jennifer Willis) | US-FED | Lawyer | — | Regulatory referral | The court added the new violations to an existing referral of counsel to the SDNY Grievance Committee. No dispo… | |
| Del Biaggio v. Bansen, No. A174647 (Cal. Ct. App., 1st Dist., Div. 4)California Court of Appeal, First Appellate District, Division Four | US-STATE | Lawyer | — | Fine | US$1,500 | |
| Kibondo-Kilongozi v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2026 FC 928Federal Court of Canada | CA | Lawyer | — | Warning | — | |
| Parnell v. Florida Department of Corrections, No. 25-11166 (11th Cir.)US Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | US-FED | Lawyer | — | Regulatory referral | Counsel referred to the Committee on Lawyer Qualifications and Conduct. No disposition on record. | |
| Tobosaru v Court of Law Craiova, Romania, [2026] EWHC 1720 (Admin)High Court of England and Wales (King's Bench Division, Administrative Court) | UK | Not recorded | — | Other | — | |
| Pooja Ramesh Singh v. Jammu and Kashmir Bank Ltd. & Anr., 2026 INSC 668Supreme Court of India | IN | Not recorded | — | Other | — | |
| Leiske v. Kidd, C.A. No. 2025-0426-CDW (LWW) (Del. Ch.)Court of Chancery of Delaware | US-STATE | Not recorded | — | Other | — | |
| Lnu v. Blanche, No. 24-4790 (9th Cir.)US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit | US-FED | Not recorded | — | Suspension | US$5,000 · The Ninth Circuit ordered the Clerk to serve its disciplinary order on the State Bar of California and any othe… | |
| State ex rel. Oklahoma Bar Association v. Reeves, 2026 OK 37Supreme Court of Oklahoma | US-STATE | Not recorded | ChatGPT | Warning | Public reprimand by the Supreme Court of Oklahoma (27 May 2026) under reciprocal discipline, following a Texas… | |
| Cork & Anor v Smith, [2026] EWHC 1199 (Ch)High Court of England and Wales (Business and Property Courts, Insolvency and Companies List) | UK | Not recorded | — | Regulatory referral | Pinsent Masons self-referred to the SRA and agreed to pay the clients' costs arising from the erroneous corresp… | |
| Gleason v. Marcus, No. 2D2024-2688 (Fla. 2d DCA)Florida Second District Court of Appeal | US-STATE | Not recorded | — | Warning | — | |
| Rafique v Commissioners for HMRC, [2026] UKFTT 673 (TC)First-tier Tribunal (Tax Chamber) | UK | Not recorded | — | Dismissal | — | |
| Tuyunuklu v Akmal, [2026] UKUT 174 (LC)Upper Tribunal (Lands Chamber) | UK | Not recorded | — | Dismissal | — | |
| Ibach v. Stewart, No. SC-2025-0106 (Ala.)Supreme Court of Alabama | US-STATE | Not recorded | — | Sanctions | US$17,200 · The Supreme Court of Alabama referred Hall to the Alabama State Bar for potential discipline over possible viol… | |
| In re Prince Global Holdings Ltd., No. 26-10769 (MG) (Bankr. S.D.N.Y.), Sullivan & Cromwell AI-citation disclosureUS Bankruptcy Court, Southern District of New York (Chief Judge Martin Glenn) | US-FED | Firm | — | Other | — | |
| McCarthy v. U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (3d Cir. 2026), No. 24-2704US Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit | US-FED | Not recorded | AI (unspecified) | Warning | — | |
| Guerin v O'Doherty, [2026] IECA 48Court of Appeal (Ireland) | IE | Not recorded | — | Dismissal | — | |
| Ben Cohen v. Municipality of Ramat Gan & Ministry of Education, AAM 63194-08-25Supreme Court of Israel (sitting as the Court of Administrative Appeals) | IL | Not recorded | — | Costs order | ₪30,000 | |
| Prososki v. Regan, 321 Neb. 38 (2026)Nebraska Supreme Court | US-STATE | Not recorded | — | Regulatory referral | Appellant's counsel W. Gregory Lake was referred for investigation of potential violations of the Rules of Prof… | |
| State v. Coleman, 2026-Ohio-965 (Ohio Ct. App., 11th Dist.)Ohio Court of Appeals, Eleventh Appellate District | US-STATE | Not recorded | ChatGPT | Sanctions | US$2,000 · The court fined counsel $2,000, removed him as counsel and struck the reopening application, and referred his c… | |
| Von Geitz v Kelly & Ors; Von Geitz v Robertson & Ors, [2026] IECA 29Court of Appeal (Ireland) | IE | Not recorded | — | Dismissal | — | |
| Green v Imprint Creative Print Solutions Ltd, 1809293/2024Employment Tribunal (Leeds) | UK | Not recorded | — | Other | — | |
| Tan Hai Peng Micheal and another v Tan Cheong Joo and another [2026] SGHC 49General Division of the High Court of the Republic of Singapore | SG | Not recorded | ChatGPT | Costs order | SGD 10,000 | |
| Ferko v Beyond Reach Ltd t/a Car Wash Crew, ADJ-00060622Workplace Relations Commission | IE | Not recorded | — | Dismissal | — | |
| Jones v Family Court at Whangārei [2026] NZSC 1Supreme Court of New Zealand | NZ | Not recorded | — | Dismissal | — | |
| Professional Standards Authority v Nursing and Midwifery Council & Anor, [2026] EWHC 141 (Admin)High Court of England and Wales (King's Bench Division, Administrative Court) | UK | Not recorded | Microsoft Copilot | Warning | — | |
| Folarin v Immigration Services Commissioner, [2026] UKFTT 135 (GRC)First-tier Tribunal (General Regulatory Chamber) | UK | Not recorded | ChatGPT | Dismissal | — | |
| Cassata v. Michael Macrina Architect, P.C., 2026 NY Slip Op 26014New York Supreme Court, Suffolk County | US-STATE | Not recorded | generative AI (AI-enhanced Westlaw) | Sanctions | US$10,000 | |
| Huish v Commissioners for HMRC, [2026] UKFTT 129 (TC)First-tier Tribunal (Tax Chamber) | UK | Not recorded | — | Other | — | |
| Deutsche Bank Natl. Trust Co. v. LeTennier, 2026 NY Slip Op 00040 (App. Div. 3d Dept.)New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Third Department | US-STATE | Not recorded | generative AI (unspecified) | Sanctions | US$10,000 | |
| Elden v Commissioners for HMRC, [2026] UKFTT 41 (TC)First-tier Tribunal (Tax Chamber) | UK | Not recorded | — | Other | — | |
| Couvrette v. Wisnovsky, No. 1:21-cv-00157-CL (D. Or.)US District Court, District of Oregon (Medford Division) | US-FED | Not recorded | — | Sanctions | US$110,204 · The court directed the Clerk to transmit its 12 December 2025 sanctions order to the Oregon State Bar (Brigandi… | |
| Ko v. Li, 2025 ONSC 2965; 2025 ONSC 6785Ontario Superior Court of Justice | CA | Not recorded | ChatGPT | Regulatory referral | The Law Society Tribunal found professional misconduct, including incompetent AI use and dishonesty to the cour… | |
| UK v Secretary of State for the Home Department (AI hallucinations; supervision; Hamid), [2026] UKUT 81 (IAC)Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) | UK | Not recorded | Google AI | Regulatory referral | Solicitor and COLP Zubair Rasheed was referred to the SRA for failing to supervise the caseworker who drafted t… | |
| Sheppard v Jillion LLC [2025] QIC (E) 3 (CTFIC0033/2025)Qatar Financial Centre Civil and Commercial Court (First Instance Circuit) | GULF | Not recorded | — | Other | — | |
| Mezu v. Mezu (Md. App. Ct. 2025), No. 361 Sept. Term 2025Appellate Court of Maryland | US-STATE | Not recorded | ChatGPT | Regulatory referral | The court referred the attorney to the Maryland Attorney Grievance Commission based on the nature and severity… | |
| KMG Wires Pvt Ltd v. National Faceless Assessment Centre, WP(L) 24366/2025 (2025:BHC-OS:19789-DB)High Court of Judicature at Bombay | IN | Not recorded | generative AI (unspecified) | Other | — | |
| In re R.A. (Iowa Ct. App. 2025), No. 24-1629Court of Appeals of Iowa | US-STATE | Not recorded | AI-driven research tools (unspecified) | Regulatory referral | US$150 · The court struck the reply brief, imposed a $150 penalty (or two hours of AI-ethics CLE in lieu), and directed… | |
| Specter Aviation Limited c. Laprade, 2025 QCCS 3521unverifiedCour supérieure du Québec (Quebec Superior Court) | CA | Not recorded | ChatGPT (reported) | Fine | CA$5,000 | |
| Reddy v Saroya, 2025 ABCA 322Court of Appeal of Alberta | CA | Not recorded | generative AI (unnamed) | Costs order | — | |
| Greenopolis Welfare Association v. Narender Singh & Ors, CM(M) 1909/2025High Court of Delhi | IN | Not recorded | — | Other | — | |
| Bethany Cingel v. Gregory Ferreri (Ind. Ct. App. 2025), No. 25A-DC-00500Court of Appeals of Indiana | US-STATE | Not recorded | generative AI (suspected) | Warning | — | |
| Noland v. Land of the Free, L.P., No. B331918 (Cal. Ct. App.)California Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District | US-STATE | Not recorded | generative AI (unspecified) | Sanctions | US$10,000 · The court directed the clerk of the court to serve a copy of its opinion on the State Bar of California, referr… | |
| Processo nº 1001467-35.2024.5.02.0467 (TRT-2, 4ª Turma)Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 2ª Região (TRT-2), São Paulo (4ª Turma) | BR | Not recorded | — | Sanctions | — | |
| Kurt Williams v. Karin Kirch (Ind. Ct. App. 2025), No. 25A-SC-00196Court of Appeals of Indiana | US-STATE | Not recorded | generative AI (suspected) | Warning | — | |
| JNE24 v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2025] FedCFamC2G 1314Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Division 2), General Federal Law | AU | Not recorded | Claude (research) and Microsoft Copilot (validation) | Costs order | A$8,371.30 · The court referred the lawyer's conduct to the Legal Practice Board of Western Australia; no LPBWA disposition… | |
| MS (Professional conduct, AI generated documents) Bangladesh, [2025] UKUT 305 (IAC)Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) | UK | Not recorded | ChatGPT | Regulatory referral | The Upper Tribunal, presided over by its President Mr Justice Dove, referred barrister Muhammad Mujeebur Rahman… | |
| The Father v The Mother & Ors, [2025] EWHC 2135 (Fam)High Court of England and Wales (Family Division) | UK | Not recorded | — | Dismissal | — | |
| HMRC v Gunnarsson, [2025] UKUT 247 (TCC)Upper Tribunal (Tax and Chancery Chamber) | UK | Not recorded | — | Dismissal | — | |
| Johnson v. Dunn, No. 2:21-cv-01701-AMM (N.D. Ala.), 792 F. Supp. 3d 1241US District Court, Northern District of Alabama (Southern Division) | US-FED | Lawyer | ChatGPT | Sanctions | Order served on the bar for further proceedings as appropriate; reciprocal Oklahoma discipline of Reeves is tra… | |
| Robert Dastou v. Kathryn Holmes, No. 2381CV02212 (Mass. Super. Ct.)Massachusetts Superior Court | US-STATE | Not recorded | ChatGPT | Sanctions | — | |
| Coomer v. Lindell, No. 1:22-cv-01129 (D. Colo.)US District Court, District of Colorado | US-FED | Not recorded | — | Sanctions | US$6,000 | |
| Northbound Processing (Pty) Ltd v South African Diamond and Precious Metals Regulator (2025/072038) [2025] ZAGPJHC 661High Court of South Africa, Gauteng Division, Johannesburg | ZA | Not recorded | Legal Genius | Regulatory referral | The court referred the practitioners to the Legal Practice Council (Gauteng) for investigation, invoking the Ar… | |
| Nimat Shahid v. Sufyan Esaam (Ga. Ct. App. 2025)Court of Appeals of Georgia | US-STATE | Not recorded | generative AI | Fine | US$2,500 | |
| Hussein v. Canada (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship), 2025 FC 1060; 2025 FC 1138Federal Court of Canada | CA | Lawyer | Visto.ai | Costs order | CA$100 | |
| Ayinde v London Borough of Haringey; Al-Haroun v Qatar National BankHigh Court of England and Wales (Divisional Court) | UK | Not recorded | — | Regulatory referral | Barrister referred to the Bar Standards Board; solicitors referred to the Solicitors Regulation Authority. The… | |
| Mid Central Operating Engineers Health and Welfare Fund v. HoosierVac LLC, No. 2:24-cv-00326-JPH-MJD (S.D. Ind.)US District Court, Southern District of Indiana (Terre Haute Division) | US-FED | Lawyer | — | Sanctions | US$6,000 · Referred for consideration of further discipline; outcome of disciplinary reference not confirmed | |
| R. v. Chand, 2025 ONCJ 282unverifiedOntario Court of Justice | CA | Not recorded | — | Other | — | |
| Garner v. Kadince, Inc., 2025 UT App 80Utah Court of Appeals | US-STATE | Not recorded | ChatGPT | Sanctions | US$1,000 | |
| Bandla v Solicitors Regulation Authority, [2025] EWHC 1167 (Admin)High Court of England and Wales (King's Bench Division, Administrative Court) | UK | Not recorded | — | Costs order | £24,727.20 · The appellant had already been struck from the roll of solicitors by the SRA; the fabricated-authority conduct… | |
| Lacey v. State Farm General Insurance Co., No. 2:24-cv-05205-FMO-MAA (C.D. Cal.), Order of Special Master (Ellis George LLP and K&L Gates LLP)US District Court, Central District of California (Special Master Michael R. Wilner, US Magistrate Judge, ret.) | US-FED | Lawyer | CoCounsel, Westlaw Precision and Google Gemini (per counsel's sworn declaration) | Sanctions | US$31,100 | |
| Benjamin v. Costco Wholesale Corp., No. 2:24-cv-7399 (LGD) (E.D.N.Y.)US District Court, Eastern District of New York | US-FED | Lawyer | ChatOn | Fine | US$1,000 | |
| Bevins v. Colgate-Palmolive Co., No. 2:25-cv-00576-MMB (E.D. Pa.)US District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania | US-FED | Lawyer | — | Sanctions | Clerk directed to serve the memorandum and accompanying order on both bars; no further disposition confirmed | |
| An v. Archblock, Inc. (Del. Ch. 2025)Delaware Court of Chancery | US-STATE | Not recorded | generative AI (unspecified; court cited ChatGPT, Gemini, Copilot, CoCounsel as examples) | Other | — | |
| Dehghani v. Castro, No. 2:25-cv-00052-MIS-DLM (D.N.M.)US District Court, District of New Mexico | US-FED | Lawyer | — | Sanctions | US$1,500 · Court ordered self-report with copy of order; bar dispositions not confirmed | |
| Dewald v. Massachusetts Mutual Life Ins. Co. (AI avatar at oral argument), App. Div. 1st Dept.unverifiedNew York Supreme Court, Appellate Division, First Department | US-STATE | Not recorded | AI-generated video avatar (tool not named) | Warning | — | |
| Sammaan Capital Ltd v. Mantri Infrastructure Pvt Ltd, CRP No. 49 of 2025High Court of Karnataka, Bengaluru | IN | Not recorded | — | Regulatory referral | — | |
| Wadsworth v. Walmart, Inc., 348 F.R.D. 489 (D. Wyo. 2025)US District Court, District of Wyoming | US-FED | Not recorded | Morgan & Morgan internal AI tool (MX2.law) | Sanctions | US$5,000 | |
| Valu v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (No 2) [2025] FedCFamC2G 95Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Division 2) | AU | Not recorded | ChatGPT | Regulatory referral | The Principal Registrar was directed to refer the solicitor's conduct to the NSW Office of the Legal Services C… | |
| Kohls v. Ellison, No. 0:24-cv-03754 (D. Minn.)US District Court, District of Minnesota | US-FED | Not recorded | GPT-4o | Other | — | |
| Mavundla v MEC: Department of Co-Operative Government and Traditional Affairs, KZN (7940/2024P) [2025] ZAKZPHC 2High Court of South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal Division, Pietermaritzburg | ZA | Not recorded | ChatGPT | Regulatory referral | The court directed the registrar to send the judgment to the Legal Practice Council (KZN) for its attention and… | |
| Buckeye Trust v. PCIT-2, Bangalore, ITA No. 1051/Bang/2024Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Bengaluru ('A' Bench) | IN | Not recorded | — | Other | — | |
| Al-Hamim v. Star Hearthstone, LLC, 2024 COA 128Colorado Court of Appeals | US-STATE | Not recorded | — | Warning | — | |
| Gauthier v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., No. 1:23-CV-281 (E.D. Tex.)US District Court, Eastern District of Texas (Beaumont Division) | US-FED | Not recorded | Claude (Anthropic) | Sanctions | US$2,000 | |
| Dayal [2024] FedCFamC2F 1166Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Division 2) | AU | Not recorded | LEAP legal-practice-management AI research tool | Other | On 19 August 2025 the VLSB+C varied the solicitor's practising certificate: he may no longer practise as a prin… | |
| Dukuray v. Experian Information Solutions, No. 23 Civ. 9043 (AT) (GS) (S.D.N.Y.)US District Court, Southern District of New York | US-FED | Litigant in person | ChatGPT (suggested by defendants; court found the suggestion had merit, plaintiff did not confirm) | Warning | — | |
| United States v. Cohen, No. 18-CR-602 (JMF) (S.D.N.Y.)US District Court, Southern District of New York | US-FED | Lawyer | Google Bard | Other | — | |
| Zhang v Chen, 2024 BCSC 285Supreme Court of British Columbia | CA | Not recorded | ChatGPT | Costs order | LSBC investigation into the lawyer's conduct followed the judgment; the court ordered costs against the lawyer… | |
| Kruse v. Karlen, No. ED111172 (Mo. Ct. App., E.D.)Missouri Court of Appeals, Eastern District | US-STATE | Not recorded | — | Sanctions | US$10,000 | |
| Smith v. Farwell, No. 2282CV01197 (Mass. Super. Ct., Norfolk Cnty.)Massachusetts Superior Court, Norfolk County (Davis, J.) | US-STATE | Lawyer | — | Sanctions | US$2,000 | |
| Park v. Kim, 91 F.4th 610 (2d Cir. 2024)US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit | US-FED | Not recorded | ChatGPT (OpenAI) | Regulatory referral | While affirming the dismissal on the merits, the court referred Attorney Jae S. Lee to its Grievance Panel unde… | |
| Matter of Samuel, 2024 NY Slip Op 24014, 82 Misc 3d 616 (Sur Ct, Kings County 2024)New York Surrogate's Court, Kings County | US-STATE | Lawyer | — | Other | — | |
| Harber v Commissioners for HMRC, [2023] UKFTT 1007 (TC)First-tier Tribunal (Tax Chamber) | UK | Not recorded | ChatGPT | Dismissal | — | |
| Morgan v. Community Against Violence, No. 1:23-cv-00353-WPJ/JMR (D.N.M.)US District Court, District of New Mexico | US-FED | Litigant in person | — | Warning | — | |
| Thomas v. Pangburn, No. 4:23-cv-00046-RSB-CLR (CV423-046) (S.D. Ga.)US District Court, Southern District of Georgia (Savannah Division) | US-FED | Litigant in person | — | Dismissal | — | |
| Ex parte Allen Michael Lee, No. 10-22-00281-CR (Tex. App.—Waco July 19, 2023) (published)Texas Court of Appeals, Tenth District (Waco) | US-STATE | Lawyer | — | Other | — | |
| Parker v Forsyth NNO and Others (1585/20) [2023] ZAGPRD 1unverifiedRegional Court, Johannesburg (Gauteng Regional Division) | ZA | Not recorded | — | Other | — | |
| Mata v Avianca, Inc.US District Court, Southern District of New York | US-FED | Not recorded | ChatGPT | Sanctions | US$5,000 |
Regulatory outcomes
What regulators did next
When the public record shows a disciplinary, bar, patent-office or regulator disposition after a court incident, we record the follow-up alongside the case.
- Douglas v. Deutsche Bank National Trust Co., No. 24-CV-1099 (D.C. Ct. App.)
The Court of Appeals struck appellee's brief and referred the matter to the Office of Disciplinary Counsel for any investigation it deems appropriate. No disci…
US-STATE - Varma v. The Bank of New York Mellon, No. E085566 (Cal. Ct. App.)
The court directed the clerk to send a copy of the opinion to the State Bar for investigation of possible unauthorized practice of law related to the opening b…
US-STATE - SRA v Abhishek Kumar, Case No. 12884-2026 (SDT)
The Tribunal found breaches of SRA Principles 1, 2 and 5 and Code paragraph 1.4, and found Code paragraph 2.4 proved in part, arising from Kumar's AI-generated…
UK - Capital Standard, LLC v. U.S. Bank National Association, No. 2D2024-1392 (Fla. 2d DCA)
Court referred counsel to The Florida Bar. No disposition on record.
US-STATE - In re Faisal S. Ahmed (Minnesota attorney discipline)
30-day suspension by stipulation, reported 21 August 2026; the Supreme Court order has not been located.
US-STATE - In re Stephen Aarons (Supreme Court of New Mexico, murder appeal; case number not located)
Court referred counsel to the Disciplinary Board (per Santa Fe New Mexican report). No disposition on record.
US-STATE
All 50 regulatory outcomes are in the table above — filter Outcome → Regulatory referral
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