Incident Tracker

Tan Hai Peng Micheal and another v Tan Cheong Joo and another [2026] SGHC 49

costs-order

In this Singapore High Court (General Division) costs ruling, S Mohan J made personal costs orders of S$5,000 each against the counsel on record and his supervising solicitor for filing fictitious AI-generated citations — S$10,000 within a global S$180,000 award. The judgment is a landmark on supervision-chain responsibility for generative-AI misuse.

Date of decision/order

2026-03-06

Court

General Division of the High Court of the Republic of Singapore

Jurisdiction

SINGAPORE

AI tool

ChatGPT

Conduct

Court submissions contained fictitious AI-generated authorities. The court held that citing fictitious authorities is sanctionable whether or not AI produced them: the counsel on record had a non-delegable duty to verify, and the supervising solicitor who reviewed the draft also failed. The workload and supervision defence was rejected, each practitioner held individually accountable.

Consequence

SGD 10,000