Hussein v. Canada (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship), 2025 FC 1060; 2025 FC 1138
·Federal Court of Canada·CACosts order
In Canada's Federal Court, applicant's counsel used Visto.ai in an immigration matter and filed submissions relying on non-existent cases without declaring the AI use. Associate Judge Catharine Moore found the conduct caused unnecessary costs and ordered counsel personally to pay CAD 100 in the follow-on costs order.
- Court
- Federal Court of Canada
- Date
- 2025-06-24
- Who used the AI
- Lawyer
- AI tool
- Visto.ai
- Conduct
- Applicant's counsel used Visto.ai to prepare legal submissions and did not independently verify the output. The Federal Court said the filings relied on several cases that did not exist and that four court directions were required before counsel admitted generative AI had been used. A later costs order required counsel to pay costs personally.
- Outcome
- Costs order
- Penalty
- CA$100
- Regulatory outcome
- No separate regulatory disposition recorded
- Status
- Verified against listed sources
- Last checked
- 2026-09-16
Primary sources for this incident
Related regulation records for this incident
- Notice to the Parties and the Profession: The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Court ProceedingsFederal Court of Canada · CA
Similar incidents on the record
- Arbuckle v. Tanner, 2026 NSCA 622026-08-12 · Nova Scotia Court of Appeal (chambers) · Costs orderThe Nova Scotia Court of Appeal dismissed a family-law appeal for failure to perfect it and ordered lump-sum costs of CAD 20,000 after the self-represented appellant filed AI-generated transcripts containing invented te…
- Law Society of Ontario v. Lee, 2026 ONLSTH 1362026-07-16 · Law Society Tribunal (Ontario), Hearing Division · SuspensionThe Law Society Tribunal suspended Toronto lawyer Jisuh Lee's licence for six months and ordered CAD 10,000 in costs after she filed a factum containing AI-generated fictitious or irrelevant precedents in a family law p…
- Kibondo-Kilongozi v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2026 FC 9282026-07-10 · Federal Court of Canada · WarningIn a judicial review in the Federal Court of Canada concerning a Congolese child's adoption-based visa, Justice Gascon expressly found that a Federal Court of Appeal decision cited by the applicants' counsel did not exi…
- Reddy v Saroya, 2025 ABCA 3222025-09-26 · Court of Appeal of Alberta · Costs orderIn Reddy v Saroya, the Court of Appeal of Alberta held that an appellant's factum containing seven fabricated authorities — produced by a contractor using generative AI — was the signing lawyer's responsibility. It sign…
Summary record: the facts above are verified against the listed sources, but the court's reasoning and later dispositions have not yet been written up. It is excluded from search indexes until that is done.
Cite this record
SafeLegalAI Global Legal AI Incident Tracker, “Hussein v. Canada (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship), 2025 FC 1060; 2025 FC 1138”, safelegalai.com/tracker/hussein-v-canada (accessed 2026-09-16). Data: CC BY 4.0.