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Courts on AI / Fabricated or misquoted citations

Nicole Olbera, et al. v. Tiara Sykes

Indiana Court of Appeals · State appellate courts · IN · · 2026 WL 860644 · No. 25A-JP-2005 pregnant · opinion

On 2026-03-30, Indiana Court of Appeals reached the merits despite briefing defects and warned that the self-represented brief included an apparently hallucinated Indiana case. A self-represented party submitted a brief with fabricated or nonexistent authorities, including Pavan v. Smith. The warning applied to later filings in the same case.

Disposition
The court reached the merits despite briefing defects and warned that the self-represented brief included an apparently hallucinated Indiana case.
Recorded conduct
The brief used fabricated or nonexistent authorities, including Pavan v. Smith, which the court found nonexistent, misquoted, or unsupported. — outcome: warning; actor: litigant in person
Canonical record
Incident tracker entry — verified outcome, regulator disposition and related rules

What the court wrote

Verbatim from the court's document (public domain). Ellipses mark omitted text; nothing is paraphrased.

“must treat a wife as a parent even if she did born in wedlock, while denying an equivalent presumption not provide an egg.” Id. In coming to this conclusion, it to parents in same-sex marriages. Because Ind. Code § found that sections 31-9-2-15, -16, and 31-14-7-1 worked 31-14-7-1(1) does that, its operation was properly enjoined.” together to unconstitutionally discriminate against same-sex Id. at 487. Accordingly, the Seventh Circuit affirmed the couples under the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses district court's order requiring Indiana to recognize the of the Fourteenth Amendment. Id.; see also Obergefell children of the married, female, same-sex couple plaintiffs v Hodges, 576 U.S. 644, 681 (2015) (finding same-sex “as legitimate children, born in wedlock, and to identify both couples have the constitutional right to marry and be treated wives in each union as parents[.]” Id. at 488. the same as opposite-sex couples in marriage); Pavan v. Smith, 582 U.S. 563, 567 (2017) (holding unconstitutional [22] However, the Seventh Circuit found that some parts of a provision of Arkansas law requiring the birth certificate the district court's remedy were broader than legally justified of a child conceived

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