Skip to content

Courts on AI / Fabricated or misquoted citations

Ally Bank v. Ngouambe

Minnesota Court of Appeals · State appellate courts · MN · · No. A25-1873 · opinion

Fabricated or misquoted citationsSelf-represented litigants using AI

The Minnesota Court of Appeals affirms summary judgment for Ally Bank. At the end of the opinion, the court defines fabricated authority, identifies three nonexistent citations and many unsupported legal propositions in Ngouambe’s pro se informal brief, and disregards them when evaluating the merits.

Disposition
The court affirmed summary judgment and disregarded fabricated authority in Ngouambe's informal brief.
Recorded conduct
Self-represented appellant filed an informal brief with three nonexistent authority citations and many propositions not reasonably attributable to cited sources. — outcome: other; actor: litigant in person
Canonical record
Incident tracker entry — verified outcome, regulator disposition and related rules

What the court wrote

Verbatim from the court's document (public domain). Ellipses mark omitted text; nothing is paraphrased.

We conclude by addressing fabricated authority in Ngouambe’s brief to this court. Fabricated authority includes citations to authority that do not exist, quotations that do not appear in the cited authority, and asserted propositions of law not reasonably attributable to the cited authority. Ngouambe’s informal brief contains fabricated authority in the form of three citations to authority that do not exist and numerous asserted propositions of law not reasonably attributable to the cited authority. The submission of incorrect, misleading, or nonexistent content to this, or any other, court is improper, unacceptable, and an abuse of the judicial process. And we do not consider fabricated authority in our evaluation of the merits. Affirmed.

Authorities cited in the passage: Minn. R. Civ. App. P. 136.01 · State v. Bartylla, 755 N.W.2d 8 (Minn. 2008) · Schoepke v. Alexander Smith & Sons Carpet Co., 187 N.W.2d 133 (Minn. 1971)

compiled by the Cognesio LLP editorial teammethodas of 2026-09-07v0.1.1coding CC BY 4.0JSON Hugging Face GitHub