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Regulation Tracker / EU AI Act / Chapter III · Section 2

Article 14
Human oversight

Chapter III — Classification rules for high-risk AI systems, Section 2 — Compliance with the requirements. 6 distinct duties, powers or definitions are coded from this article, applying from 2027-12-02. 5 reach legal practice directly.

Amended by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 (Digital Omnibus on AI), in force 2026-07-27 — about 45 words changed. The text below is the consolidated version of 27 July 2026; the 2024 text and the amending regulation are on EUR-Lex. 6 of the duties below now apply later than Article 113 originally provided; each shows both dates.

official text: EUR-Lex (consolidated 27 Jul 2026) · text © European Union (Decision 2011/833/EU) · coding CC BY 4.0 · data: obligations.json · Hugging Face · GitHub

The text

1. High-risk AI systems shall be designed and developed in such a way, including with appropriate human-machine interface tools, that they can be effectively overseen by natural persons during the period in which they are in use.

2. Human oversight shall aim to prevent or minimise the risks to health, safety or fundamental rights that may emerge when a high-risk AI system is used in accordance with its intended purpose or under conditions of reasonably foreseeable misuse, in particular where such risks persist despite the application of other requirements set out in this Section.

3. The oversight measures shall be commensurate with the risks, level of autonomy and context of use of the high-risk AI system, and shall be ensured through either one or both of the following types of measures:

  1. (a)measures identified and built, when technically feasible, into the high-risk AI system by the provider before it is placed on the market or put into service;
  2. (b)measures identified by the provider before placing the high-risk AI system on the market or putting it into service and that are appropriate to be implemented by the deployer.

4. For the purpose of implementing paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, the high-risk AI system shall be provided to the deployer in such a way that natural persons to whom human oversight is assigned are enabled, as appropriate and proportionate:

  1. (a)to properly understand the relevant capacities and limitations of the high-risk AI system and be able to duly monitor its operation, including in view of detecting and addressing anomalies, dysfunctions and unexpected performance;
  2. (b)to remain aware of the possible tendency of automatically relying or over-relying on the output produced by a high-risk AI system (automation bias), in particular for high-risk AI systems used to provide information or recommendations for decisions to be taken by natural persons;
  3. (c)to correctly interpret the high-risk AI system’s output, taking into account, for example, the interpretation tools and methods available;
  4. (d)to decide, in any particular situation, not to use the high-risk AI system or to otherwise disregard, override or reverse the output of the high-risk AI system;
  5. (e)to intervene in the operation of the high-risk AI system or interrupt the system through a ‘stop’ button or a similar procedure that allows the system to come to a halt in a safe state.

5. For high-risk AI systems referred to in point 1(a) of Annex III, the measures referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article shall be such as to ensure that, in addition, no action or decision is taken by the deployer on the basis of the identification resulting from the system unless that identification has been separately verified and confirmed by at least two natural persons with the necessary competence, training and authority.

What it requires, coded

SafeLegalAI's reading of each duty in this article: who, what, from when, under which fine tier, and whether it reaches a firm, chambers, court or legal-AI vendor. Descriptive, not advice; the quoted words are the Regulation's.

  1. Art. 14(1)Human oversightHigh-risklegal practice

    High-risk AI systems must be designed and developed with appropriate human-machine interface tools so natural persons can effectively oversee them during use.

    "High-risk AI systems shall be designed and developed in such a way, including with appropriate human-machine interface tools, that they can be effectively overseen by natural persons during the period in which they are in use."
    Who
    Provider
    From
    (Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744)As enacted in 2024: (Art. 113 second subparagraph); deferred by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 (Digital Omnibus on AI).For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02.
    Fine tier
    Art. 99(4)
    Legal practice
    Reaches legal practice directly — Legal-AI vendors must support meaningful oversight for systems used in courts, ADR, employment or public services.
    See
    Art. 26(2) · Annex III point 8

  2. Art. 14(2)Human oversightHigh-risklegal practice

    Human oversight must aim to prevent or minimise health, safety or fundamental-rights risks from intended use or foreseeable misuse, especially where risks persist despite other Section 2 requirements.

    "Human oversight shall aim to prevent or minimise the risks to health, safety or fundamental rights that may emerge when a high-risk AI system is used in accordance with its intended purpose or under conditions of reasonably foreseeable misuse, in particular where such risks persist despite the application of other requirements set out in this Section."
    Who
    Provider
    From
    (Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744)As enacted in 2024: (Art. 113 second subparagraph); deferred by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 (Digital Omnibus on AI).For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02.
    Fine tier
    Art. 99(4)
    Legal practice
    Reaches legal practice directly — Relevant to high-risk legal-AI outputs that could affect rights, due process, employment, benefits or access to justice.
    See
    Art. 9 · Art. 26(2) · Annex III point 8

  3. Art. 14(3)Human oversightHigh-risklegal practice

    Oversight measures must be commensurate with risk, autonomy and context of use and be built into the system where feasible or identified by the provider for deployer implementation.

    "The oversight measures shall be commensurate with the risks, level of autonomy and context of use of the high-risk AI system, and shall be ensured through either one or both of the following types of measures:"
    Who
    Provider, Deployer
    From
    (Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744)As enacted in 2024: (Art. 113 second subparagraph); deferred by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 (Digital Omnibus on AI).For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02.
    Fine tier
    Art. 99(4)
    Legal practice
    Reaches legal practice directly — Legal-AI vendors and deployers need oversight measures calibrated to judicial, ADR, workplace or public-service contexts.
    See
    Art. 26(2) · Annex III point 8

  4. Art. 14(4)Human oversightHigh-risklegal practice

    High-risk AI systems must be provided so assigned overseers can understand capacities and limits, monitor operation, interpret outputs, disregard or override outputs and intervene or stop the system as appropriate.

    "For the purpose of implementing paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, the high-risk AI system shall be provided to the deployer in such a way that natural persons to whom human oversight is assigned are enabled, as appropriate and proportionate:"
    Who
    Provider
    From
    (Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744)As enacted in 2024: (Art. 113 second subparagraph); deferred by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 (Digital Omnibus on AI).For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02.
    Fine tier
    Art. 99(4)
    Legal practice
    Reaches legal practice directly — Essential for judges, lawyers or legal staff overseeing high-risk legal-AI tools and avoiding automation bias.
    See
    Art. 26(2) · Annex III point 8

  5. Art. 14(4) (b-d)Human oversightHigh-risklegal practice

    Oversight must enable awareness of automation bias, correct interpretation of outputs, and the ability to decide not to use, disregard, override or reverse high-risk AI outputs.

    "to remain aware of the possible tendency of automatically relying or over-relying on the output produced by a high-risk AI system (automation bias), in particular for high-risk AI systems used to provide information or recommendations for decisions to be taken by natural persons;"
    Who
    Provider
    From
    (Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744)As enacted in 2024: (Art. 113 second subparagraph); deferred by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 (Digital Omnibus on AI).For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02.
    Fine tier
    Art. 99(4)
    Legal practice
    Reaches legal practice directly — Highly relevant to legal decision-support because lawyers, judges and staff must not over-rely on AI outputs.
    See
    Art. 26(2) · Annex III point 8

  6. Art. 14(5)Human oversightHigh-risk

    For Annex III point 1(a) biometric systems, deployers may not take action or decisions on identification unless at least two competent, trained and authorised natural persons separately verify and confirm it.

    "For high-risk AI systems referred to in point 1(a) of Annex III, the measures referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article shall be such as to ensure that, in addition, no action or decision is taken by the deployer on the basis of the identification resulting from the system unless that identification has been separately verified and confirmed by"
    Who
    Provider, Deployer, Public-authority deployer
    From
    (Art. 113(c)(i) as amended by Reg. (EU) 2026/1744)As enacted in 2024: (Art. 113 second subparagraph); deferred by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 (Digital Omnibus on AI).For Art. 6(1)/Annex I high-risk systems, Art. 113(c)(ii) as amended applies the corresponding obligation from 2028-08-02; Art. 111(2) gives public-authority high-risk systems until 2030-08-02.
    Fine tier
    Art. 99(4)
    Legal practice
    Reaches legal-AI vendors or public bodies — Relevant to court security, policing and evidentiary contexts where biometric identification may inform legal action.
    See
    Annex III point 1(a) · Art. 26(2)

Cite

Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, Article 14 (Human oversight), as amended by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, consolidated text of 27 July 2026, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/2026-07-27/eng#art_14 — text © European Union; only the Official Journal is authentic. Coding: SafeLegalAI (published by Cognesio LLP), "EU AI Act, structured", safelegalai.com/regulation/eu-ai-act/article-14, accessed 2026-09-08, CC BY 4.0.