Courts on AI / Fabricated or misquoted citations
Hardy v. Genesee County Community Action Resource Department, et al. (2)
U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan · Federal district courts · MI · · No. 24-11190 · report and recommendation
On 2026-04-06, U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan struck the motion to consolidate and gave the plaintiff a final warning after he repeated fake quotations following an earlier AI-citation sanction order. A self-represented party submitted a motion with false quotations, including Berndt v. Tennessee does not appear in and United States v. Frazier does not appear in.
- Disposition
- The court struck the motion to consolidate and gave the plaintiff a final warning after he repeated fake quotations following an earlier AI-citation sanction order.
- Recorded conduct
- The motion used false quotations, including Berndt v. Tennessee does not appear in and United States v. Frazier does not appear in, which the court found nonexistent, misquoted, or unsupported. — outcome: strike off; actor: litigant in person
- Canonical record
- Incident tracker entry — verified outcome, regulator disposition and related rules
What the court wrote
Verbatim from the court's document (public domain). Ellipses mark omitted text; nothing is paraphrased.
R&R explained, “Courts and opposing counsel are [ ] burdened by the careless use of AI by pro se filers.” Hardy v. Whitaker, ___ F.R.D. ___ 2026 WL 575225, at *10. Hardy apologized for his “inclusion of inaccurate citations generated by an AI tool” in his objections to the R&R. Case No. 24-cv-11270, ECF No. 213, PageID.2430. But he repeated the same offense in his motion to consolidate. More recently, the Sixth Circuit emphasized that the “even a single fake case can be sanctionable” and that “citing fake cases can harm the reputation of judges and courts whose names are falsely invoked as authors of the bogus opinions and the reputation of a party attributed with fictional conduct.” Whiting City of Athens Tennessee, ___ F. 4th ___, 2026 WL 710568, at *4 (6th Cir. Mar. 13, 2026) (cleaned up). Thus, district courts may sanction the misuse of AI under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure and their inherent authority. Id. at *5. Hardy’s misuse of AI in his motion to consolidate is not his only repeat transgression. The R&R in Hardy v. Whitaker also discussed how he had filed umpteen frivolous motions. Hardy v. Whitaker, ___ F.R.D. ___ 2026 WL 575225, at *4-*7, *12-*13. Because Hardy’s motion to consolidate falsely claims that this Court has a duty to address his mental capacity, the motion is frivolous. Thus, the Court STRIKES Hardy’s motion to consolidate (ECF No. 77). B. Hardy moved before to compel discovery and to determine the