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Tribunale di Firenze, Sezione Imprese, order of 14 March 2025 (ChatGPT-invented Cassazione citations)

Court of Florence (Tribunale di Firenze) · Tuscany

last revised 2025-03-14last verified 2026-09-041 versioncountry page →

Judgment (guidance)In forceVerification dutySupervision

map categories:Duty to verify AI outputSupervision of AI workSanctions for AI misuse

Unverified: we have not yet opened the official document at the linked address. The record is listed for completeness and excluded from search indexes until confirmed.

First reported Italian hallucination case. In an IP interim appeal the respondent's brief cited Cassazione rulings that did not exist; counsel said a trainee had used ChatGPT without his knowledge. The court rejected an Article 96 c.p.c. reckless-litigation claim because the citations did not affect the defence and no bad faith was shown, but censured the failure to verify.

Applies to
lawyers, parties
Effective
See version history
Current version
Order 14 March 2025, RG 11053/2024 · 14 Mar 2025
Last verified
04 Sept 2026
Official text
www.litis.it/2025/04/22/chatgpt-in-tribunale-le-allucinazioni-dellia-i…

What the document requires

  • Failure to verify AI-generated citations is censured even where no sanction follows.
  • Art. 96 c.p.c. requires bad faith or gross negligence plus concrete effect on the proceedings.
  • The signing lawyer answers for a collaborator's undisclosed AI use.

Version history

VersionDateWhat changedSource
Order 14 March 2025, RG 11053/2024current2025-03-14Reported by Litis.it; official text not obtained.official

Sources

Cite this record

SafeLegalAI Legal AI Regulation Tracker, "Tribunale di Firenze, Sezione Imprese, order of 14 March 2025 (ChatGPT-invented Cassazione citations)" (Court of Florence (Tribunale di Firenze), Order 14 March 2025, RG 11053/2024, 2025-03-14), safelegalai.com/regulation/other/it-tribunale-firenze-2025-chatgpt-citations (accessed 2026-09-04). Data: CC BY 4.0.

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