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Beijing Tongzhou District People's Court: counsel criticised for filing AI-fabricated precedents

Beijing Tongzhou District People's Court, selected for the People's Court Case Database · Beijing

last revised 2025-12-01last verified 2026-09-041 versioncountry page →

Judgment (guidance)In forceVerification duty

map categories:Duty to verify AI outputSanctions for AI misuseSelf-represented litigants

A plaintiff's lawyer filed supplementary submissions citing two reference cases generated by an AI model and never verified. The judge found the cited case numbers belonged to unrelated real cases and wrote a criticism into the judgment without a fine. Entered in the People's Court Case Database in December 2025, it sets graduated consequences for unverified AI citations.

Applies to
lawyers, parties, litigants
Effective
01 Dec 2025
Current version
Case Database entry · 01 Dec 2025
Last verified
04 Sept 2026
Official text
www.chinanews.com.cn/fz/2026/01-15/10552373.shtml

What the document requires

  • Lawyers must verify the authenticity of AI-sourced materials before submission.
  • Consequences graduated by severity: criticism and education for minor cases; fines or detention under Civil Procedure Law art. 114 for serious cases.
  • Applies to all litigation participants, including self-represented parties.

Version history

VersionDateWhat changedSource
Case Database entrycurrent2025-12-01Selected for the People's Court Case Database in December 2025; reported nationally 15-16 January 2026.official

Sources

Cite this record

SafeLegalAI Legal AI Regulation Tracker, "Beijing Tongzhou District People's Court: counsel criticised for filing AI-fabricated precedents" (Beijing Tongzhou District People's Court, selected for the People's Court Case Database, Case Database entry, 2025-12-01), safelegalai.com/regulation/other/cn-beijing-tongzhou-court-ai-fabricated-cases-2025 (accessed 2026-09-04). Data: CC BY 4.0.

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