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CGPJ Instruction 2/2026 on the use of AI systems in judicial activity (Instruccion 2/2026)

General Council of the Judiciary (Consejo General del Poder Judicial)

last revised 2026-01-30last verified 2026-09-041 versioncountry page →

RegulationIn forceProhibitionVerification dutyConfidentialitySupervisionPermissive

map categories:Judges' use of AIAI barred from deciding casesCourts' own AI deploymentVendor due diligenceMandatory AI trainingData protection and legal AI

Binding instruction to Spanish judges and magistrates on AI in jurisdictional work: effective human control, no autonomous decision-making or substitution of judicial reasoning, no AI content without personal critical validation, no unapproved tools except study with open sources and no judicial data, full judicial responsibility, CGPJ supervision of personal-data processing and CGPJ-provided training.

Applies to
judges, court-staff
Effective
30 Jan 2026
Current version
Pleno agreement 28 January 2026, BOE no. 27 of 30 January 2026 (BOE-A-2026-2205) · 30 Jan 2026
Last verified
04 Sept 2026
Official text
www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2026-2205

What the document requires

  • Art. 4 principles: effective human control, non-substitution, judicial responsibility, independence, fundamental rights, confidentiality and security, bias prevention, proportionality, training.
  • Art. 8 prohibited uses: autonomous decision-making, replacing assessment of facts, evidence or law, incorporating AI content without personal validation, processing specially protected data or profiling beyond legal authorisation.
  • Art. 9: only systems supplied by the competent administrations; open tools only for study with open-source information.
  • Arts 12-13: CGPJ supervision of personal-data processing and provision of judicial AI training.

Version history

VersionDateWhat changedSource
Pleno agreement 28 January 2026, BOE no. 27 of 30 January 2026 (BOE-A-2026-2205)current2026-01-30Original; in force on publication.official

Sources

Cite this record

SafeLegalAI Legal AI Regulation Tracker, "CGPJ Instruction 2/2026 on the use of AI systems in judicial activity (Instruccion 2/2026)" (General Council of the Judiciary (Consejo General del Poder Judicial), Pleno agreement 28 January 2026, BOE no. 27 of 30 January 2026 (BOE-A-2026-2205), 2026-01-30), safelegalai.com/regulation/other/es-cgpj-instruccion-2-2026-ia-actividad-jurisdiccional (accessed 2026-09-04). Data: CC BY 4.0.

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