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Ishfaq Ahmed v Mushtaq Ahmed, 2025 SCP 112 (PLD 2025 SC 582)

Supreme Court of Pakistan

last revised 2025-04-08last verified 2026-09-041 versioncountry page →

Judgment (guidance)In forceVerification dutyProhibition

map categories:Judges' use of AIAI barred from deciding casesDuty to verify AI outputCourts' own AI deploymentArbitration and ADR

Unverified: we have not yet opened the official document at the linked address. The record is listed for completeness and excluded from search indexes until confirmed.

Supreme Court of Pakistan judgment of April 2025 in a rent dispute in which Justice Syed Mansoor Ali Shah examined AI in the judiciary: AI can assist with research, drafting and case management but cannot replace judicial discretion, must respect the Article 10A fair-trial right, and hallucinated references require human verification.

Applies to
judges, court-staff
Effective
08 Apr 2025
Current version
Judgment, C.P.L.A. 1010-L/2022 · 08 Apr 2025
Last verified
04 Sept 2026
Official text
www.supremecourt.gov.pk/downloads_judgements/c.p._1010_l_2022.pdf

What the document requires

  • AI is an assistive tool; human judges retain final responsibility and discretion.
  • AI hallucination and black-box opacity require human oversight of AI-generated legal content.
  • Recommends AI-driven, randomised case allocation to reduce partiality.
  • NJPMC and the Law and Justice Commission to develop guidelines for permissible AI use in courts.
  • Mediation and ADR cannot be replaced by AI.

Version history

VersionDateWhat changedSource
Judgment, C.P.L.A. 1010-L/2022current2025-04-08Original judgment (Mansoor Ali Shah and Aqeel Ahmed Abbasi JJ); exact date within early April 2025 per the Sindh High Court research-cell digest.official

Sources

Cite this record

SafeLegalAI Legal AI Regulation Tracker, "Ishfaq Ahmed v Mushtaq Ahmed, 2025 SCP 112 (PLD 2025 SC 582)" (Supreme Court of Pakistan, Judgment, C.P.L.A. 1010-L/2022, 2025-04-08), safelegalai.com/regulation/other/pk-sc-ishfaq-ahmed-v-mushtaq-ahmed-2025 (accessed 2026-09-04). Data: CC BY 4.0.

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