Regulation Tracker · 20 questions
Requirements to inform clients about AI use in their matter, or to obtain consent.
As of 2026-09-04, 5 of 130 countries and entities have a binding rule for client consent and transparency, 26 have official guidance, 0 have a proposal, 0 are set by case law, 92 were checked with nothing found and 7 remain unclear. Binding countries: Finland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Poland, Slovakia.
Tap or hover a country. Faint land has no record yet. Miller projection; boundaries as published by Natural Earth (India point of view) — see the disclaimer.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
B 05.1 point 6 permits non-business-grade services only with the client's consent, and B 05.2 Annex 5 point 1 applies that rule directly to AI applications. Annex 5 point 2 adds transparency of use and compliance with the AI Act's transparency duties. No general duty to announce AI use.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
Law 132/2025 article 13(2): to protect the fiduciary relationship, information on the AI systems used by the professional must be communicated to the client in clear, simple and exhaustive language. The National Bar Council circulated a model client notice to all local bars on 13 October 2025.
The AI Law requires users to receive information about automated processing and its consequences when AI decisions affect their rights, and requires notice when AI systems are used in services.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
Under the amended advocates' code, disclosure is not generally required unless law demands it, but a client may ask which technologies are used and why. KIRP Recommendations 13 and 14 separately tell legal advisers to work out when to inform the client (including AI Act Art. 50 duties) and when consent is needed.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
Mode (b) requires express informed consent operating as a waiver of confidentiality under § 23(2) of the Act on Advocacy for a named provider and purpose, after disclosure of the tool, the risk of losing control of data, training use, third-country transfers and hallucinations. Guidance Art. 8(1) also requires informing clients where AI materially affects strategy, key decisions or fees.
Americas · verified 2026-09-04
The Buenos Aires bar guide of July 2025, objective 2: be transparent with clients, explain when AI tools are used and seek authorisation before sharing any personal information; do not create false expectations.
Asia-Pacific · verified 2026-09-04
No consent requirement. The joint regulator statement says clients should be told about AI use where it is relevant to the engagement or to costs; QLS GS 37 and the Law Society of NSW guide say the same. No court rule requires disclosure to clients.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
Belgium takes the opposite line to the Netherlands: 'De advocaat is niet verplicht over zijn gebruik van AI te communiceren' — no more than for any other IT application. Consent is required only where processing personal data of a data subject is essential and consent is the applicable legal basis. Chatbot users must be told they are dealing with an automated AI system.
Americas · verified 2026-09-04
OAB Recommendation 001/2024: a lawyer who uses AI in providing services must formalise that intention to the client in writing before starting to use it, explaining the risks and the confidentiality measures adopted.
Americas · verified 2026-09-04
Positions differ. The Law Society of Ontario says there is no obligation to disclose AI use to a client solely because AI was used, though disclosure may be appropriate; the Law Society of British Columbia says lawyers should consider whether to inform clients.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
ČAK's Stanovisko (point 6) requires prior client consent before processing client information in AI, and specifies its content: the client must expressly acknowledge that AI may behave unpredictably and expressly agree that data — even anonymised — may be shared with unspecified similar systems.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
Advokatsamfundet commentary states lawyers should always be able to explain to the client how AI was applied to the advice given; no binding consent or disclosure requirement.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
No EU duty to tell clients about AI use in legal work. AI Act Art. 50(1) requires informing people they are interacting with an AI system (relevant to client-facing chatbots) and Art. 50(4) covers public-interest AI text; client-consent rules remain national.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
CNB guide of 17 Mar 2026 lists 'information [du client]' among the obligations engaged by generative AI. No French rule requires client consent before using AI on a matter (contrast the Dutch NOvA recommendation).
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
Germany expressly rejects a duty: BRAK §4 states that neither the BRAO nor the BORA currently creates a professional obligation to tell clients that AI was used, though transparency and a contractual clause are recommended and duties may arise from contract law or the UWG. Art. 50(4) AI Act creates no disclosure duty where a lawyer reviews and takes editorial responsibility for the text.
Asia-Pacific · verified 2026-09-04
Weak. PERADI's guideline requires transparency to clients and bars AI uses that mislead clients or courts, but does not require informed consent before using AI on a matter.
International bodies · verified 2026-09-04
The IBA and CAIDP report of September 2024 recommends that ethics guidelines include disclosure obligations regarding the use of AI, and the CCBE Guide addresses transparency toward clients as good practice. No international body requires client consent; national bars decide.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
Law Society guidance v4: solicitors should be transparent with clients about material AI use. No consent requirement.
Middle East · verified 2026-09-04
At/60/24 requires explicit written client consent before a client's personal information is entered into open AI systems, specifying the document types involved and the security measures applied. Israel's strictest AI consent requirement, and stricter than most bar guidance worldwide.
Asia-Pacific · verified 2026-09-04
The JFBA notice of September 2025 is reported to address explaining AI use to clients as part of the attorney's accountability; the text is members-only so the precise wording could not be verified.
Asia-Pacific · verified 2026-09-04
No duty to tell clients about AI use in legal work. The only transparency requirement comes through data protection: JPDP's Automated Decision-Making and Profiling Guideline requires data subjects to be informed of AI use in automated decision-making and profiling through the privacy notice.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
The strongest position in Western Europe: NOvA Vertrouwelijkheid 2 tells lawyers to 'Vraag toestemming aan de cliënt voor AI-gebruik in het dossier', and Integriteit 3 to inform clients of the firm's AI policy. Contrast Belgium (no duty to communicate) and Germany (no professional duty). Still a recommendation, not a gedragsregel.
Asia-Pacific · verified 2026-09-04
The Law Society guidance says clients should be told about AI use where appropriate to the engagement. There is no consent requirement and no court-side obligation.
Africa · verified 2026-09-04
NBA-SLP AI Guidelines s.7.1 say lawyers should disclose use of generative-AI tools to clients and obtain informed consent before proceeding. Aspirational wording; not a rule.
Asia-Pacific · verified 2026-09-04
The MinLaw guide tells firms to be transparent with clients about material AI use. There is no consent requirement and no court-side obligation to inform clients.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
The Madrid Bar guide of October 2025 recommends informing clients about AI use; there is no binding client-disclosure rule at national bar level.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
Bar guidance s.4: no consent needed if no client information is entered. If client information is used but contractual and technical safeguards match other external IT services, the ordinary assessment applies. Where residual risk cannot be addressed, the client's consent must be obtained — standard terms are not enough.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
SAV Wegleitung §2.5 (Hinweispflicht): a duty to disclose AI use may arise from the provider's terms of use, or where the client requires or legitimately expects the mandate to be performed personally by the lawyer. Consent also functions as one of the three lawful routes for putting client data into a tool (§2.1) and §2.3 recommends agreeing responsibility and a liability limitation with the client in advance.
Middle East · verified 2026-09-04
TBB Guide: where AI use touches client data, file content, legal strategy, special-category data or substantive documents produced for the client, the client must be informed clearly and in recordable form and, where needed, express consent obtained. Clients may ask that AI not be used on their file.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
Law Society guidance recommends transparency with clients. For barristers the BSB goes further: where AI materially impacts the service provided, the client must be informed under rC19. No consent rule for solicitors.
Americas · verified 2026-09-04
ABA Formal Opinion 512 requires informed consent under Rule 1.6 before client confidential information goes into a self-learning tool, and discusses when Rule 1.4 requires telling a client that AI was used. No federal disclosure-to-client rule.
No countries in this status.
No countries in this status.
No rule requiring lawyers to inform clients or obtain consent for AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
No requirement to inform clients about, or obtain consent for, lawyers’ AI use was found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
The ÖRAK Leitfaden does not require informing clients or obtaining consent for AI use; no other Austrian rule found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
Middle East · verified 2026-09-04
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
Asia-Pacific · verified 2026-09-04
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule requiring lawyers to inform clients or obtain consent for AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
No requirement to inform clients about, or obtain consent for, lawyers’ AI use was found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule requiring lawyers to inform clients or obtain consent for AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule requiring lawyers to inform clients or obtain consent for AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
No requirement to inform clients about, or obtain consent for, lawyers’ AI use was found as of 4 September 2026.
Americas · verified 2026-09-04
No requirement to inform clients of AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
Asia-Pacific · verified 2026-09-04
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
Americas · verified 2026-09-04
No requirement to inform clients of AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
Americas · verified 2026-09-04
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
No requirement to inform clients about, or obtain consent for, lawyers’ AI use was found as of 4 September 2026.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule requiring lawyers to inform clients or obtain consent for AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
Americas · verified 2026-09-04
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
Americas · verified 2026-09-04
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
Africa · verified 2026-09-04
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule requiring lawyers to inform clients or obtain consent for AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
No requirement to inform clients about, or obtain consent for, lawyers’ AI use was found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
Africa · verified 2026-09-04
no rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule requiring lawyers to inform clients or obtain consent for AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule requiring lawyers to inform clients or obtain consent for AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
No requirement to inform clients of or obtain consent for AI use in legal work found as of 4 September 2026.
Asia-Pacific · verified 2026-09-04
No rule or guidance requiring lawyers to inform clients of AI use found as of 4 September 2026. The draft Supreme Court regulations address disclosure to the court, not to clients.
No requirement to inform clients about, or obtain consent for, lawyers’ AI use was found as of 4 September 2026.
No requirement to inform clients about, or obtain consent for, lawyers’ AI use was found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule requiring lawyers to inform clients or obtain consent for AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
No requirement to inform clients about, or obtain consent for, lawyers’ AI use was found as of 4 September 2026.
Africa · verified 2026-09-04
No requirement to inform clients or obtain consent for AI use. The draft Judiciary policy addresses disclosure to the court, not to clients.
Middle East · verified 2026-09-04
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule requiring lawyers to inform clients or obtain consent for AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule requiring lawyers to inform clients or obtain consent for AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
No requirement to inform clients of or obtain consent for AI use in legal work found as of 4 September 2026.
No requirement to inform clients about, or obtain consent for, lawyers’ AI use was found as of 4 September 2026.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
No requirement to inform clients of or obtain consent for AI use in legal work found as of 4 September 2026.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
No Luxembourg requirement to inform clients or obtain consent for AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule requiring lawyers to inform clients or obtain consent for AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
No requirement to inform clients about, or obtain consent for, lawyers’ AI use was found as of 4 September 2026.
Americas · verified 2026-09-04
No requirement to inform clients of, or obtain consent for, AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule requiring lawyers to inform clients or obtain consent for AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
Africa · verified 2026-09-04
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
No requirement to inform clients about, or obtain consent for, lawyers’ AI use was found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule requiring lawyers to inform clients or obtain consent for AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
No requirement to inform clients about, or obtain consent for, lawyers’ AI use was found as of 4 September 2026.
Asia-Pacific · verified 2026-09-04
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule requiring lawyers to inform clients or obtain consent for AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
No requirement to inform clients about, or obtain consent for, lawyers’ AI use was found as of 4 September 2026.
Asia-Pacific · verified 2026-09-04
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
Americas · verified 2026-09-04
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule requiring lawyers to inform clients or obtain consent for AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
Americas · verified 2026-09-04
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
Asia-Pacific · verified 2026-09-04
No Philippine rule requires client notice of, or consent to, a lawyer's use of AI. CPRA Canon IV, Section 6 on the duty to update the client is generic and predates the issue.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
No rule or guidance on informing clients about AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule requiring lawyers to inform clients or obtain consent for AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
Middle East · verified 2026-09-04
No requirement to inform clients of or obtain consent for AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
No requirement to inform clients about, or obtain consent for, lawyers’ AI use was found as of 4 September 2026.
Middle East · verified 2026-09-04
No requirement to inform clients of or obtain consent for AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
No requirement to inform clients about, or obtain consent for, lawyers’ AI use was found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
Africa · verified 2026-09-04
No requirement to inform clients of or obtain consent for AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
Asia-Pacific · verified 2026-09-04
No lawyer-facing rule. AI Basic Act article 31 requires operators of generative or high-impact AI to notify users in advance that a product operates on AI.
Asia-Pacific · verified 2026-09-04
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
Asia-Pacific · verified 2026-09-04
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
No requirement to inform clients about, or obtain consent for, lawyers’ AI use was found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule requiring lawyers to inform clients or obtain consent for AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
No requirement to inform clients about, or obtain consent for, lawyers’ AI use was found as of 4 September 2026.
No requirement to inform clients about, or obtain consent for, lawyers’ AI use was found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
Middle East · verified 2026-09-04
No requirement to inform clients of or obtain consent for AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
Americas · verified 2026-09-04
No rule, guidance or reported case found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule requiring lawyers to inform clients or obtain consent for AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
No rule requiring lawyers to inform clients or obtain consent for AI use found as of 4 September 2026.
No requirement to inform clients about, or obtain consent for, lawyers’ AI use was found as of 4 September 2026.
No requirement to inform clients about, or obtain consent for, lawyers’ AI use was found as of 4 September 2026.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
The Bar's guide asserts that the advocate, not AI, provides the legal service, but whether it imposes any duty to tell clients about AI use could not be determined — the guide document itself is not published on the open web.
Asia-Pacific · verified 2026-09-04
Not established. Neither Circular 25-824 nor the Digital Policy Office guideline was found to require solicitors to inform clients of AI use; the PCPD framework addresses transparency to data subjects, not to legal clients.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
Not researched — the session's WebSearch budget was exhausted before this category could be checked.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
Advokatforeningen's guidance is behind a member login and its position on informing clients could not be confirmed; no public Norwegian rule requires client disclosure of AI use.
Europe · verified 2026-09-04
Not researched — the session's WebSearch budget was exhausted before this category could be checked.
Asia-Pacific · verified 2026-09-04
Not substantiated. No Thai requirement to inform clients of AI use was located.
Asia-Pacific · verified 2026-09-04
Not substantiated. No Vietnamese requirement to inform clients of AI use was located.
SafeLegalAI Legal AI Regulation Tracker, "Client consent and transparency" by country, https://safelegalai.com/regulation/category/client-consent-transparency (accessed 2026-09-04). Data: CC BY 4.0.
SafeLegalAI is a research publication by Cognesio LLP, not a law firm. Nothing here is legal advice, and no lawyer–client relationship arises from reading it. Rules change; always check the official document linked on each record and take advice on your own situation. Researched and drafted with AI assistance; verified against primary sources and edited by Cognesio LLP. The linked official documents are the record — our summaries are not the law and are not legal advice.
Finland
Italy
Kazakhstan
Poland
Slovakia
Argentina
Australia
Belgium
Brazil
Canada
Czechia
Denmark
European Union
France
Germany
Indonesia
International bodies
Ireland
Israel
Japan
Malaysia
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nigeria
Singapore
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Armenia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Belarus
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brunei
Bulgaria
Cambodia
Cameroon
Chile
China
Colombia
Costa Rica
Côte d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Ethiopia
Georgia
Ghana
Greece
Guatemala
Honduras
Iceland
India
Iran
Iraq
Jamaica
Jordan
Kenya
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Latvia
Lebanon
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao
Malta
Mauritius
Mexico
Moldova
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Nicaragua
North Macedonia
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Russia
Rwanda
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Slovenia
South Africa
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Tanzania
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Venezuela
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Estonia
Hong Kong SAR
Hungary
Norway
Romania
Thailand
Vietnam